A

詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦（JamesClerkMaxwell，1831〜1879），出生于苏格兰爱丁堡，英国物理学家、数学家。经典电动力学的创始人，统计物理学的奠基人之一。1831年6月13日生于苏格兰爱丁堡，1879年11月5日卒于剑桥。麦克斯韦的主要贡献是建立了麦克斯韦方程组，创立了经典电动力学，并且预言了电磁波的存在，提出了光的电磁说。麦克斯韦是电磁学理论的集大成者。他出生于电磁学理论奠基人法拉第提出电磁感应定理的1831年，后来又与法拉第结成忘年之交，共同构筑了电磁学理论的科学体系。物理学历史上认为牛顿的经典力学打开了机械时代的大门，而麦克斯韦电磁学理论则为电气时代奠定了基石。

安培最主要的成就是1820～1827年对电磁作用的研究，他被麦克斯韦誉为“电学中的牛顿”。在电磁作用方面的研究成就卓著。电流的国际单位安培即以其姓氏命名。

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