Passage Four
Thediscovery of a dwarfed（矮个子）"humanbeing"who lived in Flores,Indonesia,up to 18,000 years ago is changingthe way we think about the human family.This"Flores Human"was threefoot tall and her brain was smaller than that of the average chimp（黑猩猩）,yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives.They seem to have made tools,worked together to find food and cook it,andperhaps even burried their dead with ceremony.
It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the newhuman family member.The tools are like those formerly seen only with Europeanfossils（化石）from our own species;Homo sapiens（智人）;and the oldest of them were made 9,400 years ago.Homo sapiens isthought to have arrived in the island about 4,000 years ago,much too late tobe responsible for the tools.If this tiny human made the tools,then theinside structure（结构）of its brain must have been morelike our own than a chimp′s,despite being just a third the size of ours.
This"new human"was suspected to be a dwarfed branch ofHomo erectus（直立人,）.When creatures are separated in regionswith rare resources but few enemies,being big is a disadvantage,and evolutiontends to shrink them,a process known as island dwarfing.Could naturalselection make a human smaller while keeping--even improving--mental ability?Quite possibly,believes Christopher Wills of the University of California.
Has the"Flores Human"even shown the ability oflanguage?"I find it difficult to imagine that people could make tools,use fire,and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication,"Wills says.Did"Flores Human"possess the basic components of humanculture--such as the burying of the dead with ceremony?Emiliano Bruner of theItalian Institute points out that Indonesia′s hot,wet environment is bad forfossilization.It is reasonable to assume,he says,that the 18,000-year-oldbones of the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved because she wasburied with special care.
This passage mainly talks about__
A.the tools made by"FloresHuman"
B.the language used by"FloresHuman"
C.the evolution of"FloresHuman"
D.the major surprising findings about"Flores Human"

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• 化石材料最丰富，研究得最全面的是（）.

  A、印度尼西亚的爪哇直立人

  B、非洲的直立人

  C、北京周口店的北京直立人

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• 直立人大约于200万年前起源于非洲，并且扩散到了欧亚大陆：现代人约在20万年前出现。这两种人类的化石在中国均有分布。比如北京周口店古老地层出土的“北京人”属于直立人；年轻地层中的“山顶洞人”属于现代人。对中国当代人群的研究发现，父系遗传的Y染色体均源自非洲，起源时间在8.9万年至3.5万年前：母系遗传的线粒体DNA均源自非洲，起源时间在10万年以内：没有检测到直立人的遗传组分。如果以上陈述为真，最能支持以下哪个假说（）

  A、“北京人”的后代可能灭绝了，中国当代人的祖先是大约10万年前从非洲来到亚洲的。

  B、中国的直立人和现代人分别来自非洲大陆，他们杂交的后代是中国当代人的祖先。

  C、北京周口店的“山顶洞人”是从“北京人”进化而来的。

  D、中国当代人是200万年前从非洲扩散到欧亚大陆的直立人的后代。

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• 以下选项中，对人类进化过程中的演化分类正确的一项是（）。

  A、猿人、直立人、新人

  B、直立人、智人

  C、猿人、古人、新人

  D、猿人、智人

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• ______就是王明。

  A、那个穿红衣服的刚跑掉的个子矮男生

  B、那个穿红衣服的矮个子刚跑掉的男生

  C、刚跑掉的穿红衣服的矮个子那个男生

  D、刚跑掉的那个穿红衣服的矮个子男生

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  A.“人”分为“高个子”和“矮个子”B.“大树”分为“树冠”“树干”和“树根”C.“一天”分为“上午”“中午”和“下午”D.“直线运动”分为“匀速直线运动”和“变速直线运动”

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