The Northern LightsThe Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma (等离子体)，and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind.The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don’t worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field，the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect. The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.Watching auroras (北极光)is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate (跳动)，flicker (闪烁)，or even move like waves. During solar maximum，5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico! Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.We hope you are able to travel to far north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!The solar wind comes into being as a result of A disappearance of the Sun’s gravity.B unpredictable weather of the Sun.C a stream of particles being blown away.D fast flow of energy away from the Sun.

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• 地球电离层的等离子体密度n1=1012/m3，实验室等离子体的密度n2=1019/m3。试比较它们的振荡频率，并指出，当它们的电中性被破坏时，其中哪种等离子体的反应比较敏感

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• The Northern LightsThe Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma (等离子体)，and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind.The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don’t worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field，the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect. The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.Watching auroras (北极光)is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate (跳动)，flicker (闪烁)，or even move like waves. During solar maximum，5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico! Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.We hope you are able to travel to far north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!What is the author’s tone toward the Northern Lights? Appreciative.B Indifferent.C Sarcastic.D Sharp.

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• 芦荟∶耐旱∶胡杨树
  A.钝化液∶防锈∶机油泵
  B.抗生素∶消炎∶感冒药
  C.保温壶∶保暖∶羽绒服
  D.北极光∶放电∶流星雨

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