遮阳伞
A每日用肥皂水清洗皮损部位
B局部用温水湿敷，每日3次
C禁用化妆品
D外出时戴遮阳帽或撑遮阳伞
E远离紫外线，禁止进入紫外线消毒室
A．每日用肥皂水清洗皮损部位
B．局部用温水湿敷，每日3次
C．禁用化妆品
D．外出时戴遮阳帽或撑遮阳伞
E．远离紫外线，禁止进入紫外线消毒室
宋女士，20岁，腕、踝关节疼痛及脱发1年，今晨在海边游泳时发现面部出现紫红斑，遂就医。查体：头发稀疏，面颊及颈部均有不规则的圆形红斑，口腔有溃疡。化验：血中查出狼疮细胞。若面部红斑加重，护士对其进行健康教育时以下内容不妥的是（）
A、多晒日光浴
B、外出时手撑遮阳伞
C、避免搔抓
D、温水洗脸
E、禁用化妆品
患者，女性，28岁，全身关节痛，面部有蝶形斑，血抗Sm抗体(+)，诊断为系统性红斑狼疮，医嘱避免日光照射，外出穿长袖上衣和长裤，戴帽子或撑遮阳伞。护士为患者解释其中的原因是（）
A、紫外线可致内分泌紊乱
B、紫外线是本病的重要诱因
C、紫外线直接破坏皮肤黏膜
D、紫外线加重关节痛
E、紫外线直接损害骨髓
遵规守则，守护正义。
材料：网络上热传的一段视频中，在故宫内一处公共休息区的遮阳伞下，一名眼镜男抽了一口烟后对着镜头说：“谁敢在故宫抽烟啊，谁敢?”另一名男子附和道：“都别抽烟啊”然而，刚说完便举起手中的香烟吸上一口。随后眼镜男又指着镜头说：“故宫禁止吸烟。”网友认为，这两名男子公然在故宫吸烟，并且拍视频炫耀，性质非常恶劣，起码存在三重冒犯。
（1）请指出两名吸烟男子的行为都冒犯了什么?
（2）两吸烟男子的行为有悖于什么建设?又属于哪种违法行为?
（3）请从道德的角度，给两名男子提出建议。
夏天，为了躲避热辣辣的阳光，小明的妈妈也和别人一样，在自行车的前把上安装了一把遮阳伞，如图甲所示，可是，妈妈发现安装了这把伞后，骑车时感觉前把像被人向上提起，这是为什么呢？为了探究这个问题，小明制作了一个模型，并把它穿在一根铁丝上，在铁丝的上下各挂一只弹簧测力计，如图乙所示，然后用电吹风机对着机翼吹风．结果发现，上面弹簧测力计示数变小，而下面的测力计示数变大了．（1)经过分析，小明认为通过模型上方的空气流速较 ，压强较 ；通过空气下方的空气流速较 ，压强较 。（2)小明根据自己的实验，给妈妈解释了骑车时为什么会感觉车把被向上提起，小明是怎样解释的呢？
夏天，小明的妈妈为了躲避热辣的阳光，自行车的前把上安装了遮阳伞，可自从安装了这把伞后，妈妈骑车时总感觉车把象被人向上提起，这是为什么呢？为探究这个问题，小明制作了一个模型，并把它穿在一根铁丝上，在铁丝的上下各挂一只弹簧测力计，如图所示，然后用电吹风对着模型吹气，结果发现：上面的测力计示数变小，下面的测力计示数变大。（1）经过发现，小明认为模型上方的空气流速___\_下方的空气流速；模型上方的大气压强_________下方的大气压强。（2）小明根据自己的实验给妈妈解释了为什么骑车时感觉车把被向上提起，小明的解释是：____________。
A Sunshade（遮阳伞）for the Planet
Even with the best will in the world,reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time,resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.
Fortunately,if the worst comes to the worst,scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now,that is a growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale"geoengineering"projects that might be used to counteract global warming."I use the analogy of methadone,"says Stephen Schneider,a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming."If you have a heroin addict,the correct treatment is hospitalization,and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse,methadone is better than heroin."
Basically the idea is to apply"sunscreen"to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth:launch trillions of feather-light discs into space,where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun's rays.It's controversial,but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 percent of the incident energy in the sun's rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.That could be crucial,because even the most severe emissions control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century,and that would last for at least a century more. Scientists resist talking about their options because they don't want people to______.A:know what they are doingB:feel their efforts are uselessC:think the problem has been solvedD:see the real problem
A Sunshade（遮阳伞）for the Planet
Even with the best will in the world,reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time,resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.
Fortunately,if the worst comes to the worst,scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now,that is a growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale"geoengineering"projects that might be used to counteract global warming."I use the analogy of methadone,"says Stephen Schneider,a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming."If you have a heroin addict,the correct treatment is hospitalization,and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse,methadone is better than heroin."
Basically the idea is to apply"sunscreen"to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth:launch trillions of feather-light discs into space,where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun's rays.It's controversial,but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 percent of the incident energy in the sun's rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.That could be crucial,because even the most severe emissions control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century,and that would last for at least a century more. What is NOT true of the effectiveness of"sunscreen",according to the last paragraph?A:It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the warming.B:It blocks the incident energy in the sun's rays.C:It is a controversial method.D:It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
A Sunshade（遮阳伞）for the Planet
Even with the best will in the world,reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time,resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.
Fortunately,if the worst comes to the worst,scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now,that is a growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale"geoengineering"projects that might be used to counteract global warming."I use the analogy of methadone,"says Stephen Schneider,a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming."If you have a heroin addict,the correct treatment is hospitalization,and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse,methadone is better than heroin."
Basically the idea is to apply"sunscreen"to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth:launch trillions of feather-light discs into space,where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun's rays.It's controversial,but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 percent of the incident energy in the sun's rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.That could be crucial,because even the most severe emissions control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century,and that would last for at least a century more. What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?A:Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.B:Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict.C:Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict.D:Methadone and heroin are equally effective in treating a heroin addict.
第一篇
A Sunshade（遮阳伞）for the Planet
Even with the best will in the world,reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time,resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.
Fortunately,if the worst comes to the worst,scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now,that is a growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale"geoengineering"projects that might be used to counteract global warming."I use the analogy of methadone,"says Stephen Schneider,a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming."If you have a heroin addict,the correct treatment is hospitalization,and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse,methadone is better than heroin."
Basically the idea is to apply"sunscreen"to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth:launch trillions of feather-light discs into space,where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun's rays.It's controversial,but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 percent of the incident energy in the sun's rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.That could be crucial,because even the most severe emissions control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century,and that would last for at least a century more.
According to the first two paragraphs,the author thinks that______.
A:strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming
B:It is impossible to prevent global warming by reducing carbon emissions
C:despite the difficulty,scientists have some options to prevent global warming
D:actions suggested by scientists will never be realized
宋女士，20岁，腕、踝关节疼痛及脱发1年，今晨海边游泳时发现面部出现紫红斑，遂就医。查体：发稀疏，面颊及颈部均有不规则的圆形红斑，口腔溃疡。化验：血中查出狼疮细胞。如果从血中查出抗Sm抗体阳性，应考虑以何种诊断A．急性风湿病B．SLEC．类风湿关节炎D．脂溢性皮炎E．痛风如脱发加重，以下哪项护理不妥A．温水洗发B．每周洗发两次C．边洗边按摩D．梅花针刺头皮E．烫发可使毛发增生患者出院后健康指导以下哪项不妥A．介绍本病的基础知识B．告知有关药物知识C．病情缓解亦不能怀孕D．避免日晒、过累E．保持乐观情绪若面部红斑加重，护士对其进行健康教育时以下内容不妥的是A．多晒日光浴B．外出时手撑遮阳伞C．避免搔抓D．温水洗脸E．禁用化妆品
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
为丰富知识、了解世界，上海某学校学生会将于周日组织部分学生去参观世博。请按以下提示写一份100字左右的通知。
1． 出发时间为本周日上午7:00，请同学们穿好校服在校门口集合；
2． 排队等候时，同学们一定要遵守规则，不要插队，最好带上遮阳伞和折叠椅（folding chair）；
3． 为保护世博园的环境，请同学们自带垃圾袋，切勿随地乱扔垃圾；
4． 下午5:30准时在6号门集合返校。
Notice
Boys and girls,
Good news! We are going to visit EXPO this Sunday. __________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Hope we have great fun!
Students’ Union
夏天，小明的妈妈为了躲避毒热的太阳光，在自行车的前把上安装了遮阳伞，可自从安装了这把伞后，妈妈总感觉车把象被人向上提起，这是为什么呢？为探究这个问题，小明制作了一个模型，并把它穿插在一根铁丝上，在铁丝的上、下端各挂一只弹簧测力计，如图所示果发现：上面的测力计示数变小，下面的测力计示数变大
（1）经过探究，小明认为模型上方的空气流速_____（选填“大于”、“小于”或“等于）下方的空气流速；模型上方的大气压强_____下方的大气压强．
（2）小明根据自己的实验给妈妈进行了解释：骑车时，伞上部的空气流速_．压强_；下部的空气流速_____，压强_____，因此伞受到一个向上的升力．
（3）由此现象小明又联想到了灰鹅独特的飞行技艺．如图显示的就全灰鹅在突遇强风时，身体猛然转过180°，而头部却保持正常姿态的情形．使用这种“超级扭曲”的方式能使翅膀下方的空气流速_____（选填“大于”、“小于”或“等于，’）上方的空气流速，从而使灰鹅受到一个向_____（选填“上”或“下”）的作用力，能迅速降低飞行高度，使飞行更安全．
九月初的天气，秋老虎依然余威未减。下午第二节课，学校召开本学期的第一次校会。我班同学集合、整队，进入会场，秩序井然。我暗自高兴：昨天的班级“就职演说”效果还可以，学生的精神状态令人满意。同学们就座后，我站到了我班队伍的最后。阳光还很强烈，不一会，我脸上便布满了汗珠。我发现同学中不时有人回头看，看到我跟他们一样在烈日下晒着，便很快转回头。大约过了二十分钟，后排有几位同学便有些坐不住了。坐在我前面的一位男同学忽然转身说：“老师，我怕晒，到后面的树荫下去坐了。”“看来你只是怕晒，这个困难我能帮你克服”，我说。他嘴里嘟嚷着：“再晒一会儿，我就发晕了！”“不会的，我站在你的旁边，为你遮挡阳光！”我说着便站到他的西侧，并且略侧身，完全遮住了射向他的太阳光。他坐正了身子，不时地看看我。我没有看他，只是听着台上的讲话。十几分钟过去了，我感觉到他越来越不安。突然，他小声问：“老师，你不怕晒？”“没关系，能做你的‘遮阳伞’，我很乐意!”我微笑着对他说。几乎同时，一丝羞愧的神色从他脸上闪过。又过了大约五分钟，他突然站了起来，急切地说：“老师，你坐下吧，我替你遮挡阳光！”我连忙摆手说：“不，你快坐下听讲，我没事。”可他却不由分说把我推到椅子前，一下按在椅子上：“老师，看您的脸都晒红了。我的脸黑、皮厚，晒晒没关系！”说完，便站在了我的右侧，聚精会神地注视着主席台听讲。这时，他的神情非常坦然，甚至还有一种自豪感。
试用教师劳动特点和教师思想品德素养的相关理论来评析案例中教师的言行。
阅读以下文字，完成111-115题。
人们在夏季出门时，大多担心会患皮肤癌，所以夏天要买高防晒值的防晒霜、防晒服、遮阳伞，很多国家的操场上还盖上了遮阳篷。
事实上，太阳光对人体健康非常有利，且必不可少，人体中维生素D(VD)的一部分获取就应归功于太阳光。人体一是通过食用鱼油、乳制品等食物获取，二是皮肤细胞利用致癌的紫外线把前体化学物转化成VD，经肝脏和肾脏进一步合成活性VD。
活性VD最广为人知的作用是帮助肠道吸收钙。钙不仅用于连接骨细胞，在神经、肌肉和新陈代谢指令中也具有非常重要的作用。当血钙浓度下降，血液就会从骨骼中提取钙，以防止神经和肌肉失灵，这就是为什么缺VD容易患软骨症。但钙的新陈代谢并不是VD的惟一作用。最新研究表明活性VD对抑制细胞分裂有重要作用。如果缺乏VD，细胞分裂就会失控，而细胞分裂失控会毫无疑问地导致癌症。美国科学家在对美国各地癌症死亡率的图表分析时惊讶地发现，很多常见癌症包括结肠癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌在东北部地区的死亡率明显高于其他地区，而东北部地区寒冷，阳光照射强度和时间都不及南方各地。因此科学家提出，在户外活动时间长、接受光照较多的人，阳光为他们的皮肤中制造了更多的有防癌作用的VD。科学家分析比较了癌症死亡率图表与各地区的紫外线照射强度，数据显示、紫外线强度与13种癌症的死亡率有很大关联。科学家的结论是，美国每年至少有23600人因缺少阳光或光照不足而患癌死亡。
英国一个研究小组记录了355名男性一生的日照时间后发现，他们中1/4接触阳光最少的人与1/4接触阳光最多的相比，前者患癌症的几率是后者的3倍。
目前人们流行服用维生素，但这一领域的有关专家认为，服用一颗以上的多种维生素是不可行的，因为药丸中的其他维生素，特别是VA，很快会达到有害剂量，而单纯服用VD，过量摄入也是有害的。但你永远不可能摄入过量的阳光，因为皮肤制造VD，本身就有防止VD过量的反馈途径。
研究还指出，接触阳光还有一些好处是无法靠服用维生素获得的。皮肤细胞利用紫外线还可制造其他化学物质如光甾醇，速甾醇等，这些甾醇被认为对人健康有益，此外，紫外线有温和的消毒杀菌作用，可以杀死人体皮肤的一些病毒和细菌，阳光中有催眠因子，能调节人体生物节律，阳光能为人体提供合理健康因子，这些都是服药无法达到的。
综上所述，强烈的太阳光虽然会使皮肤变黑，影响皮肤的细嫩美观，但合理、适宜的晒太阳对人体生理健康，心情舒畅是大有益处的。
根据文章内容，关于VD的吸收途径说法不正确的一项是()。
A．食用乳制品
B．食用鱼油
C．肝肾脏转化．
D．户外日照
人们在夏季出门时，大多担心会患皮肤癌，所以夏天要买高防晒值的防晒霜、防晒服、遮阳伞，很多国家的操场上还盖上了遮阳篷。
事实上，太阳光对人体健康非常有利，且必不可少，人体中维生素D(VD)的一部分获取就应归功于太阳光。人体一是通过食用鱼油、乳制品等食物获取，二是皮肤细胞利用致癌的紫外线把前体化学物转化成VD，经肝脏和肾脏进一步合成活性VD。
活性VD最广为人知的作用是帮助肠道吸收钙。钙不仅用于连接骨细胞，在神经、肌肉和新陈代谢指令中也具有非常重要的作用。当血钙浓度下降，血液就会从骨骼中提取钙，以防止神经和肌肉失灵，这就是为什么缺VD容易患软骨症。但钙的新陈代谢并不是VD的惟一作用。最新研究表明活性VD对抑制细胞分裂有重要作用。如果缺乏VD，细胞分裂就会失控，而细胞分裂失控会毫无疑问地导致癌症。美国科学家在对美国各地癌症死亡率的图表分析时惊讶地发现，很多常见癌症包括结肠癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌在东北部地区的死亡率明显高于其他地区，而东北部地区寒冷，阳光照射强度和时间都不及南方各地。因此科学家提出，在户外活动时间长、接受光照较多的人，阳光为他们的皮肤中制造了更多的有防癌作用的VD。科学家分析比较了癌症死亡率图表与各地区的紫外线照射强度，数据显示，紫外线强度与13种癌症的死亡率有很大关联。科学家的结论是，美国每年至少有23500人因缺少阳光或光照不足而患癌症死亡。
英国一个研究小组记录了355名男性一生的日照时间后发现，他们中1/4接触阳光最少的人与1/4接触阳光最多的相比，前者患癌症的几率是后者的3倍。
目前人们流行服用维生素，但这一领域的有关专家认为，服用一颗以上的多种维生素是不可行的，因为药丸中的其他维生素，特别是VA，很快会达到有害剂量，而单纯服用VD，过量摄入也是有害的。但你永远不可能摄入过量的阳光，因为皮肤制造VD，本身就有防止VD过量的反馈途径。
研究还指出，接触阳光还有一些好处是无法靠服用维生素获得的。皮肤细胞利用紫外线还可制造其他化学物质如光甾醇，速甾酣等，这些甾醇被认为对人体健康有益，此外，紫外线有温和的消毒杀菌作用，可以杀死人体皮肤的一些病毒和细菌，阳光中有催眠因子，能调节人体生物节律，阳光能为人体提供合理健康因子，这些都是服药无法达到的。
综上所述，强烈的太阳光虽然会使皮肤变黑，影响皮肤的细嫩美观，但合理、适宜的晒太阳对人体生理健康、心情舒畅是大有益处的。
阅读以上文章，回答46～50题
第46题根据文章内容，关于VD的吸收途径说法不正确的一项是：
A．食用乳制品
B．食用鱼油
C．肝肾脏转化
D．户外日照
阅读下面的短文，回答下列五道题。
“温室效应”与“阳伞效应”
在近百万年的地球气温变迁中，严寒的冰河期和温暖的间冰期曾交替出现。在冰河期，陆地冰川遍地，海水相对减少，海平面比今天要低100～145米。而在间冰期，冰川融化，海平面比今天要高15～30米。今天，人类居住的地球冰河尚未完全消失，可认为是处于冰河期的末尾。现在令人关注的是：地球今后是继续变暖使冰河期彻底结束而迎接间冰期到来呢？还是再次从寒冷又进入一个新的冰河期？人类对此虽尚难以预测，但“温室效应”和“阳伞效应”能给我们提供某些启示。
人类对地球气温变化的干预能力虽然极其渺小，但因为地球表面温度的平衡是以十分微妙的力学关系来维持的，只要对它施以较少的能量，就有打破热平衡的可能。人类活动可使大气中的二氧化碳、尘埃、水汽等增加，改变大气的成分，也能影响大气的透明度和热能辐射，从而导致地球气温发生变化。而导致地球气温变化的主导因素，是“温室效应”和“阳伞效应”。
地球外围大气层中的二氧化碳，能够投射太阳短波辐射，使热能容易到达地球表面；而对地面的长波辐射又有极强的吸收能力，即能将地球释放的热能截留在二氧化碳层内，不致逸入宇宙空间，同时通过逆反射又将热能返回地面。所以大气中二氧化碳浓度稍有增加，就会导致地面温度上升，全球气温变暖，即为“温室效应”。
而“阳伞效应”实质上是大气中人为尘埃的气候效应。大气中除火山爆发等自然原因产生尘埃外，人为因素产生的尘埃日益增加。随着人口的增长和工业的发展，通过工厂、交通工具和家庭炉灶及焚烧垃圾等产生的烟尘、废气，正越来越多地散发着大量的微尘离子，造成大气污染。对大气尘埃的气候效应，一般认为微尘能把阳光反射回宇宙空间，从而减少和削弱到达地面的辐射能，这样使地球表面温度降低。大气尘埃所起的这种“遮阳伞”的作用称为“阳伞效应”。此外，尘埃还有吸湿特性，可把周围的水汽凝结在自身表面，促进和增加层云雾的形成。云雾又能阻挡和减少太阳辐射到达地面，也可使地面降温。如果大气污染使下层云量增加到一定限度时，就会使冰河期再现。
综上可看出，当__因人为的因素而被打破时，就会导致地球气候的急剧变化。但这其中是“温室效应”作用强，还是“阳伞效应”影响大，人们还难以定论。许多科学家认为地球正在变暖，这样会导致冰川融化；而也有些气象学家根据多方面的气象资料分析，认为地球将进一步变冷，可能面临着一个新的小冰河期的到来。对于这一全球性的气温问题，到底是正在变暖还是逐渐变冷，科学家们正在积极探索之中。
（节选自杨叔子主编《探索未知世界》，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2005，有删改)
下列关于人类活动与全球气温变化关系的说法，表述最准确的是：
A．人类对地球气温变化的干预能力极其渺小。
B．人类活动可使大气中的二氧化碳、尘埃、水汽等增加，改变大气的成分，从而造成局部气温的变化。
C．人类活动通过改变大气的成分打破地球的热平衡，从而导致全球气温的变化。
D．人类活动造成“温室效应”和“阳伞效应”，直接导致全球气候的剧烈变化。