素食者

下列关于巨幼细胞性贫血的说法，错误的是（）。

A.老年素食者和酗酒者为高危人群

B.恶性贫血者需要终生维持治疗

C.可静脉滴注维生素100~500μg

D.全胃切除的巨幼细胞性贫血患者需要终生维持治疗

E.在不能确定只是由于单纯叶酸缺乏引起的贫血时，叶酸应联合维生素治疗

下列关于巨幼细胞性贫血的说法，错误的是 A.老年素食者和酗酒者为高危人群B.恶性贫血者需要终生维持治疗C.可静脉滴注维生素B12100～500μgD.全胃切除的巨幼细胞性贫血患者需要终生雏持治疗E.在不能确定只是由于单纯叶酸缺乏引起的贫血时。叶酸应联合维生素B12治疗

热带居民的血液中R球蛋白含量较高，而蛋白质的含量则较低；寒带居民血液中，蛋白质的含量较高，而R球蛋白含量较低。这同寒带居民以肉食为主，而热带居民以素食为主有关。

这段话主要的意思是()

A.不同地区人们的饮食习惯不同

B.不同地区的食物来源不同

C.食物结构影响人体的血液成分比例

D.素食者更加健康长寿

题目热带居民的血液中R球蛋白含量较高，而蛋白质的含量则较低；寒带居民血液中，蛋白质的含量较高，而R球蛋白含量较低。这同寒带居民以肉食为主，而热带居民以素食为主有关。这段话主要的意思是（    ）。
A:不同地区人们的饮食习惯不同
B:不同地区的食物来源不同
C:食物结构影响人体的血液成分比例
D:素食者更加健康长寿

热带居民的血液中R球蛋白含量较高，而蛋白质的含量则较低；寒带居民血液中，蛋白质的含量较高，而R球蛋白含量较低。这同寒带居民以肉食为主，而热带居民以素食为主有关。这段话主要的意思是（　　）。

A、不同地区人们的饮食习惯不同

B、不同地区的食物来源不同

C、食物结构影响人体的血液成分比例

D、素食者更加健康民寿

有关锌缺乏，下列哪项描述是错误的（）

A、动物性食物和坚果类含锌较高，但素食者容易缺锌

B、缺锌主要表现为食欲缺乏、生长发育减慢、免疫功能低下、味觉减退和夜盲

C、发锌能够准确反映近期体内的锌营养状况

D、空腹血清锌浓度测定和餐后血清锌浓度反应试验有助于锌缺乏的诊断

E、提倡母乳喂养、坚持平衡膳食是预防缺锌的主要措施

关于巨幼细胞贫血，下列哪项不正确（）

A、为防止叶酸缺乏，应改变烹调习惯，如蔬菜烹煮时间不宜过长

B、恶性贫血患者应使用维生素B12终身维持治疗

C、全胃切除或回肠切除术后及素食者应定时补充维生素B12

D、维生素B缺乏未及时诊断治疗时，神经系统可发生不可逆损伤

E、巨幼细胞贫血时常有铁负荷降低

关于巨幼细胞贫血，下列哪项不正确（）

A、为防止叶酸缺乏，应改变烹调习惯，如蔬菜烹煮时间不宜过长

B、恶性贫血患者应使用维生素B12终身维持治疗

C、全胃切除或回肠切除术后及素食者应定时补充维生素B12

D、维生素B12缺乏未及时诊断治疗时，神经系统可发生不可逆损伤

E、巨幼细胞贫血时常有铁负荷降低

女，34岁，素食者。面色苍白，倦怠无力，头晕，耳鸣。查体：血压110／70mmHg，心率103次／分。检验：红细胞2.6×1012／L，血红蛋白94g／L。该患者出现上述症状最可能的原因为A、钙摄入不足

B、钙摄入过多

C、铁摄入不足

D、铁摄入过多

E、钠摄入不足

该患者最适宜的治疗方法为A、补充钙剂

B、补充铁剂

C、注射胰岛素

D、服用秋水仙碱

E、服用别嘌呤醇

男性，70岁。食欲下降，素食者，HGB72g/L，WBC4.6×109/L，PLT120×109/L，网织红细胞3.5%，红细胞平均体积100fl，平均血红蛋白浓度0.34，血片中可见红细胞大小不等，有大椭圆形细胞和点彩细胞，中性粒细胞分叶过多。该患者可能存在本病的典型体征是（）

A、匙状甲

B、下肢水肿

C、镜面舌

D、口腔多发性溃疡

E、鞍鼻

男性，70岁。食欲下降，素食者，HGB72g/L，WBC4.6×109/L，PLT120×109/L，网织红细胞3.5%，红细胞平均体积100fl，平均血红蛋白浓度0.34，血片中可见红细胞大小不等，有大椭圆形细胞和点彩细胞，中性粒细胞分叶过多。患者需要的治疗是（）

A、输血

B、输注丙种球蛋白

C、补充叶酸和维生素B12

D、补充铁剂

E、EPO

男性，70岁。食欲下降，素食者，HGB72g/L，WBC4.6×109/L，PLT120×109/L，网织红细胞3.5%，红细胞平均体积100fl，平均血红蛋白浓度0.34，血片中可见红细胞大小不等，有大椭圆形细胞和点彩细胞，中性粒细胞分叶过多。该病属于贫血的性质是（）

A、小细胞低色素贫血

B、正细胞正色素贫血

C、大细胞低色素贫血

D、大细胞正色素贫血

E、正细胞低色素贫血

Hares and Rabbits One of the gentlest of all animals is the hare. When you consider how mild this animal is, you might wonder how it can survive in a world full of enemies. But then you' ve also probably noticed its strong hind(后面的)legs. Those legs give it plenty of speed And you know how rapidly hares and rabbits breed(繁殖). That's another reason why they manage to survive. Hares and rabbits have long, sharp front teeth. Their hind legs are longer than their front legs so that they run faster uphill than downhill. When they are hunted, they use tricks such as taking huge leaps to break the smell or signal danger to each other by hitting the ground with their hind feet. Hares and rabbits are purely vegetarians(素食者). They can live very well on the inner bark of trees. There are many differences between hares and rabbits. Hares are larger, and their feet and ears are longer. Hares do not dig holes or live in groups, as do rabbits. Hares are born open-eyed and with thick fur, while rabbits are born blind and hairless. North America is the home of many different types of hares. One of the best known is the jack hare, a large hare with very long ears. Jacks are so fast that they can sometimes make a leap of six meters. The March hare whom we know from Alice in Wonderland, is a common European hare. In March, they are always busy in mating, thus acquiring its name. Unlike hares, rabbits are social animals, living together in holes. A rabbit may mate when it is six months old and its young are born within a month. So if the rabbit has no natural enemies, it can become quite a pest.

People are curious about the survival of the hare because .

A.their legs are not strong enough B.their growth is not fast enough C.they are too gentle D.they run too slow

英国的一项研究统计了8170人在10岁时的智商数据和成年后的饮食状况。研究结果显示，10岁时智商越高，30岁时成为素食者的可能性就越大。另一项针对几万名高智商人群的饮食调查显示，这些人多半是素食爱好者。因而，“素食是聪明人的选择，素食让你我更有智慧”，成为很多素食餐馆的广告语。
以下陈述如果为真，哪项无法质疑上述广告语？《》（）
A.很多素食餐馆价格不菲，只有社会经济地位较好的人才会经常光顾，这些人智商也较高
B.肉类和动物内脏是铁的主要来源，缺铁性贫血会导致大脑供氧不足，智力发育迟缓
C.大脑发育离不开充足的磷脂，而磷脂的饮食来源主要是鱼肉和鸡蛋
D.高智商的人倾向选择素食不代表素食能让人智商变得更高

s="" day,="" millions="" of="" people="" make="" a="" resolution,="" but="" it="" usually="" falls="" by="" thewayside within a few months, wecks or even days. However,26-year-old Luke Cameron is not one of them. The young man decided to do at least one good deed a day, for 366 days—and he has not missed yet.Luke did his first good deed on January 1,2020.He simply greeted a waitress when he visited a café.The next day he bought food and drinks for some homeless people.And he followed it up by giving coins to a woman, as she did not have enough to feed a parking meter.Though most of his kind gestures have been welcomed,Luke says there have been a few awkward（尴尬的） situations. Once,as he was trying to give away a £20 bill to an old lady,her granddaughter expressed doubt about his purpose.Another time he bought a sausage roll for a homeless man, but this man happened to be a vegetarian（素食者）.Luke has carefully recorded his good deeds in an online diary. Most of them have been about helping people with small things-like taking out the garbage for an old neighbour or helping a disabled lady pick out a dress for a party. However, the young man has also spent nearly £4,000 of his own money buying gifts for the children in need.Luke's kind deeds won him a good reputation（名声）. He was offered a job for which he can earn £35,000 a year.Now the young man plans to continue doing good deeds well after the first 366 are done, on December 31,2020.

1.Many people fail to keep their new year's resolutions.

2.Luke did not make a New Year resolution for 2020.

3.Luke has been doing good things each day since the New Year's Day.

4.Luke's first good deed was to buy food and drinks for the homeless.

5. Luke was in charge of a car park.

6. The old lady's granddaughter appreciated Luke's donation.

7.Luke did not want pcople to know about his good deeds.

8.Luke bought some gifts for the children in need with his own money.

9.Luke believes that doing small favors is more valuable than money donation.

10.Luke plans to continue helping others in the year 2021.

'>A Good Deed Each DayEvery New Year's Day, millions of people make a resolution, but it usually falls by thewayside within a few months, wecks or even days. However,26-year-old Luke Cameron is not one of them. The young man decided to do at least one good deed a day, for 366 days—and he has not missed yet.Luke did his first good deed on January 1,2020.He simply greeted a waitress when he visited a café.The next day he bought food and drinks for some homeless people.And he followed it up by giving coins to a woman, as she did not have enough to feed a parking meter.Though most of his kind gestures have been welcomed,Luke says there have been a few awkward（尴尬的） situations. Once,as he was trying to give away a £20 bill to an old lady,her granddaughter expressed doubt about his purpose.Another time he bought a sausage roll for a homeless man, but this man happened to be a vegetarian（素食者）.Luke has carefully recorded his good deeds in an online diary. Most of them have been about helping people with small things-like taking out the garbage for an old neighbour or helping a disabled lady pick out a dress for a party. However, the young man has also spent nearly £4,000 of his own money buying gifts for the children in need.Luke's kind deeds won him a good reputation（名声）. He was offered a job for which he can earn £35,000 a year.Now the young man plans to continue doing good deeds well after the first 366 are done, on December 31,2020.

1.Many people fail to keep their new year's resolutions.

2.Luke did not make a New Year resolution for 2020.

3.Luke has been doing good things each day since the New Year's Day.

4.Luke's first good deed was to buy food and drinks for the homeless.

5. Luke was in charge of a car park.

6. The old lady's granddaughter appreciated Luke's donation.

7.Luke did not want pcople to know about his good deeds.

8.Luke bought some gi

漏接事故 导游员小章提前两个小时从市里出发前往机场接团，在离机场还有两公里的地方不幸遇到了交通事故，旅游车被堵在路上。等交通管理部门疏导现场，小章驱车赶到机场时，已经迟到了半个小时，客人们早已拿着行李集合在停车场上等他了。小章一边帮客人安放行李，一边赶紧请客人上车。在车上，小章再次向客人解释自己迟到的原因并表示歉意。可是部分客人仍然情绪激动，有人还讲了几句难听的话。 到达客人所下榻的饭店后，小章熟练地分好房间并查看了客人的进房情况。晚餐时，小章等在餐厅门口，热情地欢迎大家用餐，并把大家引到餐桌边。小章仔细地向客人们介绍每一道菜肴，还耐心地向大家打听团队中有无素食者，有无特殊要求或饮食忌讳。在旅行社领导的同意下，小章还给每桌加了两道菜。客人们被小章的3-作热情所感动，对她的态度也开始变好了。前面讲过难听的话的人还对自己刚才的行为向小章表示歉意。

患者男性，56岁，体胖，有高血压和高血脂症，近期感活动后有心前区疼痛发作。如果考虑可能为冠心病心绞痛，应针对胸痛特点询问哪些内容A、疼痛的部位

B、胸痛在活动后能否减轻

C、进食后能否缓解

D、疼痛的持续时间

E、休息后能否缓解

F、有否放射痛

G、服硝酸甘油片能否缓解

H、性质是否为闷痛或压榨性

冠心病可能的易患因素有A、肥胖体型

B、年龄

C、高尿酸血症

D、高血压病

E、高血脂症

F、长期素食者

G、吸烟

该患者需要进一步做哪些检查A、动态心电图

B、心肌活检

C、心电图

D、心脏CT

E、放射性核素检查

F、冠状动脉造影

G、超声心动图

H、平板运动试验

防治动脉粥样硬化应采取哪些措施A、提倡长期饮酒

B、劳逸结合

C、减少睡眠

D、戒烟

E、适当体育活动

F、合理膳食

G、积极治疗与本病有关的病症

已有动脉粥样性疾病看，控制血脂目标水平应为A、TC

Hares and Rabbits One of the gentlest of all animals is the hare. When you consider how mild this animal is, you might wonder how it can survive in a world full of enemies. But then you've also probably noticed its strong hind（后面的）legs. Those legs give it plenty of speed. And you know how rapidly hares and rabbits breed（繁殖）. That’s another reason why they manage to survive. Hares and rabbits have long, sharp front teeth. Their hind legs are longer than their front legs so that they run faster uphill than downhill. When they are hunted, they use tricks such as taking huge leaps to break the smell or signal danger to each other by hitting the ground with their hind feet. Hares and rabbits are purely vegetarians（素食者）. They can live very well on the inner bark f trees. There are many differences between hares and rabbits. Hares are larger, and their feet and ears are longer. Hares do not dig holes or live in groups, as do rabbits. Hares are born pen-eyed and with thick fur, while rabbits are born blind and hairless. North America is the home of many different types of hares. One of the best known is the jack hare, a large hare with very long ears. Jacks are so fast that they can sometimes make a leap of six meters. The March hare, whom we know from Alice in Wonderland, is a common European hare. In March, they are always busy in mating, thus acquiring its name. Unlike hares, rabbits are social animals, living together in holes. A rabbit may mate when it is six months old and its young are born within a month. So if the rabbit has no natural enemies, it can become quite a pest. People are curious about the survival of the hare because_____.A.their legs are not strong enough

B.their growth is not fast enough

C.they are too gentle

D.they run too slow

Hares and rabbits use tricks when they_____.A.run uphill

B.are hunted

C.signal danger

D.take huge leaps

Rabbits' natural enemies prevent them from_____.A.becoming a big trouble

B.breeding when young

C.living in holes

D.becoming social animals

Compared with hares, rabbits_____.A.have longer feet

B.have thicker fur

C.are born pen-eyed

D.like to live in groups

Many people get to know the March hare from the fact that it_____.A.has long ears and legs

B.digs a lot of holes in March

C.can make a leap of six meters

D.appears in Alice in Wonderland

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

由于过多食用动物性食品，“富贵病”逐渐增多，很多人对素食越来越感兴趣了。甚至有人认为，一切疾病都是由于过多食用荤性食物造成的。我们知道，素食，即植物性食品可以降低胆固醇和饱和脂肪酸的摄入量，防止胆固醇进入血液，减少肥胖病、高胆固醇血症和冠心病等的发生，保持人体酸碱平衡。另外，素食中含有丰富的维生素，可以调节代谢功能，加强皮肤的营养。如此说来，素食似乎是养生的最好途径了。但是，最新研究表明，素食能养生，却不利于强身健体。由于食物单调，素食者肌体中掌管食物消化的酶系统的功能逐渐遭到破坏，最后导致物质交换失调，疾病丛生。虽然植物性食品中富含维生素、无机盐类和有机酸，但缺少造血的微量元素钴、锰、铁和铜等。此外，植物性食品除油料外，脂肪含量极少，但人的肌体每昼夜至少需要60～70克脂肪，而且，植物蛋白永远代替不了动物蛋白。因此，专家建议只有在特殊情况下，素食才可作为临时性饮食措施。现代营养学家认为，植物性食品和动物性食品比例合理地结合起来，才能满足肌体生长发育和生活的需要。长期素食，蛋白质得不到充分供给，其后果是记忆力下降，精神萎靡，反应迟钝。临床医学发现，蛋白质不足是引起消化道肿瘤和胃癌的一个重要原因。另外，人脑的形成发育所必需的大部分营养成分必须从动物性食物中摄取，如缺乏则可导致人脑退化，患痴呆症。由于单纯素食无法得到维生素B12，而肌体缺乏维生素B12，可导致精神和心理上的缺陷，如表情呆滞、舌头肿痛、吞咽困难、容易疲劳等。孕妇若长期素食可导致胎儿巨幼红细胞贫血和脑组织永久性损伤。因此，人们应当放弃素食养生的传统观念，单纯素食不可取，只有荤素搭配，营养全面，平衡膳食，才能有一个健康的身体。缺乏蛋白质会导致什么后果? A．贫血B．痴呆症C．消化道肿瘤D．精神心理缺陷