s="" through="" the="" early="" 1890's.="" meat-packers,="" author="" argues,="" had="" good="" wages,="" working="" conditions,="" and="" prospects="" for="" advancement="" within="" packinghouses,="" d not="" cooperate="" with="" labor="" agitators="" since="" relations="" were="" so="" harmonious.="" because="" history="" maintains="" that="" conditions="" above="" standard="" era,="" frequency="" of="" disputes,="" especially="" in="" mid-1880's,="" is="" accounted="" for.="" work="" ignores="" fact="" 1880's="" crucial="" years="" american="" history,="" packinghouse="" workers'="" effects="" part="" national="" movement="" reform.In fact, other historical sources for the late nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packinghouses were dangerous places to work. The government investigation commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt which eventually led to the adoption of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act found the packinghouses unsanitary, while social workers observed that most of the workers were poorly paid and overworked.The history may be too optimistic because most of its data date from the 1880's at the latest, and the information provided from that decade is insufficiently analyzed. Conditions actually declined in the 1880's, and continued to decline after the 1880's, due to a reorganization of the packing process and a massive influx of unskilled workers. The deterioration in worker status, partly a result of the new availability of unskilled and hence cheap labor, is not discussed. Though a detailed account of work in the packing-houses is attempted, the author fails to distinguish between the wages and conditions for skilled workers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industry’s workers from the 1880's on. While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting, and packing process (though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent), pay and conditions for the latter were wretched.The author’s misinterpretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the history's faulty generalizations. The pride and contentment the author remarks upon were, arguably, fess the products of the industrial world of the packers-the giant yards and the intricate plants---than of the unity and vibrancy of the ethnic cultures that formed a viable communit3r on Chicago’s South Side. Indeed, the strength of this community succeeded in generating a social movement that effectively confronted the problems of the industry that provided its livelihood.
1.The passage is primarily concerned with discussing（ ） .
2.The author of the passage mentions all of the following as describing negative conditions in the meat-packing industry EXCEPT（ ） .
3.The author of the passage mentions the "social movement" (underlined, generated by Chicago's South Side community primarily in order to（ ）.
4.According to the passage, the working conditions of skilled workers in the meat-packing industry during the 1880's were influenced by（ ）.5.The author of the passage uses the second paragraph to （ ）
6.The tone of the author of the passage in discussing the meat-packer community on Chicago's South Side can best be described as one of （ ）.7.The information in the passage suggests that the author of the history discussed in the passage made which of the following errors?
'>A recent history of the Chicago meat-packing industry and its workers examines how the industry grew from its appearance in the 1830's through the early 1890's. Meat-packers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packinghouses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations wer
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The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness, then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true; more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, or self-improvement.Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or three-day vacation. I don’t know why any parent who would choose the word fan to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.Understanding and accepting that happiness has nothing to do with fun is one most liberating realization. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are already having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.1.To understand what true happiness is one must（ ） .2.According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because （ ）.3.Raising children, in the author’s opinion, is （ ）.4.From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from（ ） .5.What is the main point the author is going to tell us?
A.put up with pain under all circumstances B.be able to distinguish happiness from fun C.make every effort to liberate oneself from pain D.have as much fun as possible during one’s lifetime
问题2：
A.he finds more fun in dating than in marriage B.he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities C.he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single D.he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
问题3：
A.a moral duty B.a thankless job C.a rewarding task D.a source of suffering
问题4：
A.hatred B.ignorance C.prejudice D.misunderstanding
问题5：
A.Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain B.One must know how to attain happiness. C.It is important to make commitments D.It is pain that leads to happiness. -
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A. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country’s people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day. -
Geothermal energy is natural heat from the interior of the Earth that is converted to heat buildings and generate electricity. The idea of harnessing Earth’s internal heat is not new. As early as 1904, geothermal power was used in Italy. Today, Earth’s natural internal heat is being used to generate electricity in 21 countries, including Russia Japan, New Zealand, Iceland Mexico, Ethiopia, Guatemala El Salvador, the Philippines, and the United States. Total worldwide production is approaching 9,000 MW (equivalent to nine large modem coal burning or nuclear power plants)---double the amount in 1980. Some 40 million people today receive their electricity from geothermal energy at a cost competitive with that of other energy sources. In EL Salvador, geothermal energy is supplying 30% of the total electric energy used. However, at the global level, geothermal energy supplies less than 0.15% of the total energy supply. Geothermal energy may be considered a nonrenewable energy source when rates of extraction are greater than rates of natural replenishment. However geothermal energy has its origin in the natural heat production within Earth, and only a small fraction of the vast total resource base is being utilized today. Although most geothermal energy production involves the tapping of high heat sources, people are also using the low-temperature geothermal energy of groundwater in some applications.The average heat flow from the interior of the Earth is very low, about 0.06 W/m2. This amount is trivial compared with the 177 W/m2from solar heat at the surface in the United States. However, in some areas, heat flow is sufficiently high to be useful for producing energy. For the most part, areas of high heat flow are associated with plate tectonic boundaries. Oceanic ridge systems (divergent plate boundaries) and areas where mountains are being uplifted and volcanic island arcs are forming (convergent plate boundaries) are areas where this natural heat flow is anomalously high.The environmental impact of geothermal energy may not be as extensive as that of other sources of energy, but it can be considerable. When geothermal energy is developed at a particular site, environmental problems include on-site noise, emissions of gas, and disturbance of the land at drilling sites, disposal sites, roads and pipelines, and power plants. Development of geothermal energy does not require large-scale transportation of raw materials or refining of chemicals, as development of fossil fuels does. Furthermore, geothermal energy does not produce the atmospheric pollutants associated with burning fossil fuels or the radioactive waste associated with nuclear energy. However, geothermal development often does produce considerable thermal pollution from hot waste-waters, which may be saline or highly corrosive, producing disposal and treatment problems.
1.In paragraph 1, the author introduces the concept of geothermal energy by （ ）.2.In paragraph 2, the author states that geothermal energy is considered a nonrenewable resource because （ ）. 3.What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in Para. 2 (’’ Although most geothermal energy---in some applications"?4.In paragraph 4, the author mentions the atmospheric pollution and waste products for fossil fuel and nuclear power（ ）.5.What is true about geothermal energy production worldwide?
A.describing the alternatives for generating electric power B.arguing that this energy source has been tried unsuccessfully C.comparing the production with that of other energy sources D.explaining the history of this energy source worldwide问题2： A.the production of geothermal energy is a natural process B.geothermal energy comes from the Earth C.we could use more geothermal energy than is naturally replaced D.we are not using very much geothermal energy now问题3： A.High heat is the source of most of the geothermal energy but low heat groundwater is also used sometimes. B.Even though low temperatures are possible, high heat is the best resource for energy- production for groundwater. C.Both high