Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits an d the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors ---two primary care physicians and five specialists---in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does. Regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed. Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialists who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements，physicians are faces with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.How do we fix this problem?It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.Who will be there to treat them?1.The author’s chief concern about the current U.S health care system is（ ）.2.We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that（ ）.3.Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately primary care physicians have to （ ）.4.Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?5.What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?
A.the inadequate training of physicians B.the declining number of doctors C.the shrinking primary care resources D.the ever-rising health care costs
问题2：
A.the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B.seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C.visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good health D.the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better
问题3：
A.increase their income by working overtime B.improve their expertise and service C.make various deals with specialists D.see more patients at the expense of quality
问题4：
A.They find the need for primary care declining. B.The current system works against primary care. C.Primary care physicians command less respect. D.They think working in emergency rooms tedious.
问题5：
A.Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicians. B
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s="" experiment="" shows="" that="" （="" ）.4.The author suggests that in order to counter climate change,（ ）.'>
Environmentalists may get off on terrifying climate change, but most people just turn away. “If it was really so bad, they’d do something,” says one colleague. The human tendency to convince yourself that everything is OK, because no one else is worried, is deeply seated.Our tendency to shrug off responsibility seems to hold true even when we ourselves are in danger. John Darley and Bibb Latane asked a series of college students to sit in a room and fill out a questionnaire. When smoke started to pour into the room through a vent, the others, all actors, ignored it and went on writing calmly. Ninety percent of subjects copied the actors, even when the smoke became so thick that they could barely see and were coughing. But subjects who were alone in the room, under the same conditions, almost all reported the smoke as an emergency. That is an astonishing finding — that the inaction of other people can make us underestimate threats to our own safety.In the past few weeks we have been told, by reputable sources, that the oceans are warming faster than anyone predicted. That species are becoming extinct a hundred times faster than fossils record. That we are approaching tipping points that may make climate change irreversible. This stuff makes me feel pretty desperate. I would think that other people would worry too. But then I go to the office, and to friends’ houses, and no one mentions it. Nor do the politicians. Despite the noise from green groups, we look for get-out clauses. We blame other countries or big corporations. The part of our brain that is programmed to imitate dominates the part cued to self-preservation — especially when the threats are complex and long-term. Could we send the herd in the other direction? Maybe. Ten years after Darley and Latane’s smoke experiment, another professor Arthur Beaman showed its films to his students. He explained the psychology. And in future those students were, apparently, almost twice as likely as others to react to help other people.In January I counted a Toyota Prius hybrid car on almost every one of the rich streets in a part of London just east of my house. Yesterday I did another count. They seemed to have increased to two or three. That is the power of imitation, for people who can afford it. But how do you get other people to imitate behavior that is less visible: buying less, traveling less or changing their electricity supplier? The answers must surely lie in social etiquette. If we are programmed to act like lemmings, then we must give some people incentives to break out and publicize their activities.The smoke is coming up through the vent. If enough people start talking about the smoke, perhaps others will start to see it too. And if enough people act, the rest may follow. For that, it seems, is human nature.1.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that people tend to （ ）.2.In face of environmental degradation, most people are （ ）.3.Professor Arthur Beaman's experiment shows that （ ）.4.The author suggests that in order to counter climate change,（ ）.
A.be optimistic about changes occurring around B.turn a blind eye to the approaching threats C.have their judgments influenced by others D.wait for someone else to act first
问题2：
A.feeling unable to assume such a big responsibility B.endeavoring to find out its causes C.imitating others' inaction D.trying to protect themselves
问题3：
A.it’s human nature to shrink from responsibility B.environmental education should begin with the young people C.there will be many more who are ready to help others D.proper guidance can make people more concerned about climate change
问题4：
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