If the universality of immersion-style language programs, emergency test prep classes, tired college kids is any indication, cramming (临时抱佛脚) is a wildly popular study strategy. Professors frown upon it yet conspire by squeezing vast topics like “Evolution” or “World history 1914 to present” into the last week of a course. So is cramming effective or not? A new study by UC-San Diego psychologists confirms what you may suspect deep down: The answer is no. Hurried memorization is a hopeless approach for retaining information. But it’s not all bad news. The team offers a precise formula for better study habits, and it doesn’t necessarily need dogged discipline and routine.To arrive at their prescription, the scientists tested the “spacing effect” on long-term memory. In other words, they wanted to know how the time gap between study sessions influences the ability to remember material on test day. They asked 1,354 volunteers to memorize 32 trivial facts, such as “Who invented snow golf.” (Rudyard Kipling) and “What European nation consumes the most spicy Mexican food” (Norway). Participants reviewed the answers anywhere from several minutes to several months after first learning them, and then were tested up to a year later.The findings Students perform better when they space their study sessions rather than when they try to cram everything into their heads during one sitting. But for those who must cram, timing is everything. According to the researchers, if you have only one date on which to study, choose a day that’s closer to when you first learned the material than when you take the test—but not too close. For instance, if you have a French lesson on Monday and a quiz the following Monday, you should study on Wednesday for maximum retention. Tuesday is too early and Sunday is too late. If you want to remember something for a year, wait about a month to review what you learned.Hal Pashler, one of the lead authors, suspects that most crammers don’t realize the error of their ways. “Even in the scientific community, cram-type summer courses on new research methods are extremely popular,” he told me in an email. “And I have never heard people who take these courses even notice the fact that they are a perfect prescription for rapid forgetting.”1.Which of the following can best describe professors’ attitude toward cramming?2. According to Paragraph 1, the new study on cramming（ ）.3.In Paragraph 2 the author mainly describes（ ）.4.According to the passage, the most important cramming strategy is（ ）.5.By mentioning the science community, Hal Pashler tries to stress that（ ）.

A.Rationally rejecting. B.Reasonably ignoring. C.Readily accepting. D.Reluctantly helping.
问题2：
A.proves the correctness of the general understanding B.makes us confused about how to understand it C.points out the problems of the popular theories D.raises questions as to what should be avoided
问题3：
A.the necessity of the test B.the procedure of the test C.the selection of the test subjects D.the content of the test questions
问题4：
A.putting things into category B.dividing the study session C.lengthening the review session D.choosing the optimal review time
问题5：
A.people are not fully aware of the problems with cramming B.it is important to develop better study habits than cramming C.forgetting is one of the major negative effects of cramming D.science people should take the lead in giving up cramming

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