Men live in society not because they are men, but because they are animals. The social way of life is a stage in the evolution of life prior to the appearance of the human race.What is distinctive about man is that he had developed social organization far more quickly than any other animal species, so that it is a giant step in complexity between the most elaborate non-human society and the most elementary society of men. Human society shares characteristics with animal societies; it is formed by a given population of individuals, all belonging to the same species. It shows an internal specialization of tasks. Individuals interact as members of the same species and possess one common language which sets them apart from other species. The level of population is perpetuated by means of biological reproduction and of constant struggle against the environment. Similarities like these became conspicuous when human social organization is compared with that of other primates (灵长目).
相关标签： 灵长目
相关问题推荐
-
美国国家卫生研究院宣布，他们成功地将基因工程猪的心脏移植给了狒狒，有望为将来实现猪-人器官移植铺平道路。乍看之下，猪和人似乎截然不同。可实际情况是，猪的许多器官系统与人体对应系统的相似度高达80%到90%—无论就解剖学特征还是器官功能而言。吻合度最高的可能要数心血管系统了。由于存在器官的惊人相似性和越来越严重的捐献器官短缺问题，猪被看成是潜在的人类心肺捐献体。虽然狒狒、猩猩等灵长目动物与人类关系更近，但猪作为器官捐献的来源更具吸引力，因为猪的数量庞大，而且符合伦理。
依据这段文字，我们无法推出的是
A.能在猪身上奏效的东西，在人身行奏效的几率也会更高
B.在医学世界里，猪能救人命的期待指数有可能越来越高
C.器官高度相似性，使猪-人器官移植已开始发展起来
D.与人类一样，猪也可能患上动脉硬化和心肌梗死等疾病 -
根据现阶段的推测，艾滋病现金比较公认的来源是（）动物。
A、灵长目
B、食肉目
C、啮齿目
D、单孔目
-
In Sports, Red Is the Winning Color When opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study. British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling (摔跤),and freestyle wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. In each event, Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors. When competitors were equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, the athletes wearing red were more likely to win. "Where there was a large point difference — presumably because one athlete was far superior to the other — color had no effect on the outcome," Barton said. "Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance.” Joanna Setchell, a primate (灵长目)researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has found similar results in nature. Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating. The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her, and she adds that "the idea of the study is very clever." Hill and Barton got the idea for their study from a mutual interest in primates — "red seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance," Barton said. For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps (臀部). In another study, scientists put red plastic rings on the legs of male zebra finches (斑胸草雀), which increased the birds’ success in finding a mate. Barton said he and Hill speculated that "there might be a similar effect in humans.” Hill and Barton found their answer by viewing Olympic competitors in the ring, on the mat, and in the field. "Across a range of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning, the researchers write. Barton adds that this discovery of red’s advantage might lead to new regulations on sports uniforms. In the Olympic matches he studied, for example, it is possible that some medal winners may have had an unintended advantage — their clothing! Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcomes of sports matches.
A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned -
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance（报复). In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.
As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past, and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet's environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.
Most important, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates （灵长目动物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.
The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign（宜人的) global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 years—uring which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared—s a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth's climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future—ven without the influence of human activity.
Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged_.
A. to give up the former way of life
B. to leave the coastal areas
C. to follow the ever-shifting vegetation
D. to abandon his original settlement -
共用题干Vision
Human vision like that of other primates（灵长目）has evolved in an arboreal（丛林）environment.______(46)
In the course of evolution,members of the primate line have acquired large eyes while the nose has shrunk.______ (47) Of mammals（哺乳动物）only humans and some primates enjoy color vision.______(48)Horses live in a single-color world.
Light visible to human eyes,however,occupies only a very narrow band in the whole electromagnetic spectrum（光谱）.Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）are invisible to humans though ants and honeybees are sensitive to them.______(49)The world would look terribly different if human eyes were、 sensitive to infrared radiation（红外线）.Then instead of the darkness of night,we would be able to move easily in a strange shadowless world.______(50)
But human eyes excel in other ways. They are in fact remarkably discerning in color gradation. The color sensitivity of normal human vision is rarely surpassed even by complicated technical devices. _________（50）A:Humans have no direct perception of infrared rays.B:In the dense complex world of a tropical forest,it is more important to see well than to develop an acute sense of smell.C:That gives the eye a wilder view.D:The red flag is black to the bull.E:There are different mammals in tropical forest.F: In this world,objects glowed with varying degrees of intensity.