Longer Lives for Wild Elephants Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals， where struggles such as having difficulty finding food and avoiding predators （猛兽） don’t exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age. But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. Sometimes, they even become unable to have babies. To learn more about how captivity （圈养）affects elephants，a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in theircare, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death.. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born female elephants with the life spans of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps （伐木场） ，over approximately the same time period. The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16. 9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years — more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18. 9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41. 7 years. Scientists don’t know yet why wild elephants seem to get on so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity （肥胖症） may be to blame. Zoo elephantsdon’t get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild，and most are very fat. Social lives of elephants are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups. The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce （生殖） successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesnl appear to be the case with elephants. It was found that, compared with female wild elephants, female zoo-born elephants A lived longer.B grew up faster.C died much earlier.D enjoyed the same life spans.

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• Longer Lives for Wild ElephantsMost people think of zoos as safe places for animals，where struggles such as having difficulty finding food and avoiding predators (猛兽）don’t exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe (成熟的）old age.But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. Sometimes, they even become unable to have babies.To learn more about how captivity (圈养）affects elephants，a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born female elephants with the life spans of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps (伐木场），over approximately the same time period. 、The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16. 9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years — more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos,they lived 18. 9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41. 7 years.Scientists don’t know yet why wild elephants seem to get on so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity (肥胖症)may be to blame. Zoo elephants don’t get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Social lives of elephants are also much different in zoos than in the wild，where they live in large herds and family groups.The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce (生殖）successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesn’t appear to be the case with elephants.It was found that, compared with female wild elephants, female zoo-born elephants A lived longer.B grew up faster.C died much earlier.D enjoyed the same life spans.

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• Longer Lives for Wild ElephantsMost people think of zoos as safe places for animals，where struggles such as having difficulty finding food and avoiding predators (猛兽）don’t exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe (成熟的）old age.But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. Sometimes, they even become unable to have babies.To learn more about how captivity (圈养）affects elephants，a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born female elephants with the life spans of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps (伐木场），over approximately the same time period. 、The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16. 9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years — more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos,they lived 18. 9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41. 7 years.Scientists don’t know yet why wild elephants seem to get on so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity (肥胖症)may be to blame. Zoo elephants don’t get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Social lives of elephants are also much different in zoos than in the wild，where they live in large herds and family groups.The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce (生殖）successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesn’t appear to be the case with elephants.One of the possible reasons for the zoo-raised elephants，problems is that A they do not get proper food.B they do too much exercise.C they live in large herds.D they do not live in family groups.

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• 据1999年所作的统计，在美国35岁以上的居民中，10%患有肥胖症。因此，如果到2009年美国的人口将达到4亿的估计是正确的话，那么，到2009年美国35岁以上患肥胖症的人数将达到2000万。以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱题干的推测？
  A．肥胖症对健康的危害，已日益引起美国和其他发达国家的重视。
  B．据1998年所作的统计，在美国35岁以上的居民中，肥胖症患者的比率是12%。
  C．权威人士指出，对到2009年美国人口将达到4亿的推测缺乏足够的根据。
  D．到2009年，美国人口的年龄结构中，35岁以上所占的比率将比目前的有所下降。
  E．一个设计有误的统计，将不可避免地提供错误的数据。

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• 单位环境犯罪是指公司、企业、事业单位、机关、团体违反环境保护法规，故意或过失地不合理开发利用自然资源，或者超标准排放各种废弃物，造成严重损害后果或有造成严重损害危险的以及抗拒环保行政监督、情节严重的行为。根据上述定义，下列属于单位环境犯罪的一项是：
  A.某造纸厂超标排放污水，受到环保部门的处罚，经停业整顿并通过检查后又重新开工B.某村民经常擅自进入保护区盗猎珍稀野生动物，再高价售出C.某伐木场生产规模较大，每年采伐树木数量巨大，同时按照规定进行等量的树苗栽种D.某纺织厂在化纤生产过程中产生的工业废气严重危及了周围居民的生命健康

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• 共用题干
  第三篇
  Longer Lives for Wild Elephants
  Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals,where struggles such as having difficulty finding
  food and avoiding predators（猛兽）don't exist. Without such problems,animals in zoos should live to a ripe
  （成熟的）old age.
  But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth.Scientists have known that elephants in
  zoos often suffer from poor health.Sometimes,they even become unable to have babies.
  To learn more about how captivity（圈养）affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared
  the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands.
  Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care,documenting factors such as birth dates,illnes-
  ses,weight and death.These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800
  African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe.The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born fe-
  male elephants with the life spans of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that
  work in logging camps（伐木场）, over approximately the same time period.
  The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild
  counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years一more than three times as long. Female
  Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos,they lived 18.9 years,while those in the logging camps
  lived 41.7 years.
  Scientists don't know yet why wild elephants seem to get on so much better than their zoo-raised coun-
  terparts.Georgia Mason,a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study,thinks stress
  and obesity（肥胖症）may be to blame. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the
  wild,and most are very fat. Social lives of elephants are also much different in zoos than in the wild,where
  they live in large herds and family groups.
  The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos.While some threatened
  and endangered species living in zoos reproduce（生殖）successfully and maintain healthy populations,that
  doesn't appear to be the case with elephants.
  It was found that,compared with female wild elephants,female zoo-born elephants_______________.
  A:lived longer
  B:grew up faster
  C:died much earlier
  D:enjoyed the same life spans

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