共用题干Retirement Brings Most a Big Health Boost
The self-reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger,a new
European study suggests.
This happy news was true of almost everyone except a small minority一only 2 percent一who had experi-
enced"ideal"conditions in their working life,anyway.
"The results really say three things:that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers,that
the effects of this extra burden are largely relieved by retirement and,finally,that both the extra burden and
the relief are larger when working conditions are poor,"said Hugo Westerlund,lead author of a study pub-
lished online Nov. 9 in The Lancet（柳叶刀）." This indicates that there is need to provide opportunities for
older workers to decrease the demands in their work out of concern for their health and well-being."
But of course,added Westerlund,who is head of epidemiology at the Stress Research Institute at
Stockholm University in Sweden,"not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health.Many are indeed
remarkably healthy and fit for work.But sooner or later,everyone has to slow down because of old age catch-
ing up."
Last week,the same group of researchers reported that workers slept better after retirement than before.
"Sleep improves at retirement,which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception
of poor health,"Westerlund said.
This study looked at what the same 15,000 French workers,and most of them had to say about their own
health up to seven years pre-retirement and up to seven years post-retirement.
As participants got closer to retirement age,their perception of their own health declined,but went up
again during the first year of retirement.
Those who reported being in poorer health declined from 19.2 percent in the year prior to retirement to
14.3 percent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers,that means post-retire-
ment levels of poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously.
The changes were seen in both men and women,across different occupations,and lasted through the first
seven years of not punching the clock.
Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater improve-
ments as soon as they retired,the team found. The findings of the study apply to conditions all over the world.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

相关问题推荐

• 柳叶刀杂志文献指出，使用奥司他韦可降低下呼吸道并发症发生率（）

  A、0.3

  B、0.44

  C、0.54

  D、0.65

  E、0.4

  查看答案
• 长久以来，人们都把脂肪当作健康的“大敌”，尤其是饱和脂肪被认为是心血管疾病的高风险因素。世界卫生组织的指南是，脂肪的摄入应该占每天总能量摄入的30%以下，饱和脂肪酸的摄入应该在10%以下。
  而最近《柳叶刀》杂志上发表的一项大型研究似乎“颠覆”了这一观念。这是一项前瞻性的大型研究。研究者从世界5大洲的18个国家，选择了高中低不同收入水平的地区，共招募了超过13.5万名志愿者，通过统计他们的饮食习惯来计算营养组成，并在此后的多年（5.3至9.3年）中，追踪他们的死亡以及心血管疾病发病情况。
  基于对这些数据的分析，研究者在《柳叶刀》杂志上发表了两篇论文。
  一篇论文是关于蔬菜、水果和豆类的影响，其结论没有新鲜的地方，大致就是每天总共4份左右（375到500克）这三类食物对健康好处明显，进一步增加摄入量带来的好处不大。
  而另一篇论文则是关于脂肪和碳水化合物对心血管健康以及死亡率的影响，结果是，脂肪摄入量和种类，跟心血管疾病的发生率以及死亡风险都不相关；与脂肪摄入量最低的那一组相比，摄入量最高的那组整体死亡率、中风以及心血管疾病之外的死亡风险还要低一些。而碳水化合物的影响则相反，碳水化合物摄入量高的那一组比最低的那一组，总体死亡率高28%，而对心血管疾病发生率和导致的死亡率则没有影响。
  在发表这两篇论文的同时，《柳叶刀》杂志还发表了一篇评论，认为这项研究“挑战了健康饮食的定义，但关键问题并没有解决”。在这篇评论中，作者认为这项研究的价值在于，补充了中低收入地区饮食与健康的流行病学调查数据，加深了“饮食与健康”这个问题的复杂性。但是，评论作者并没有赞同研究者的结论，而是指出了以下三点：
  第一，在这项研究中，饱和脂肪和单不饱和脂肪的主要来源是动物食品（肉和奶制品）。除了脂肪外，这些食品也是锌、铁、维生素K、维生素B.12等微量成分的良好来源。而在脂肪摄入量低（从而碳水化合物摄入量高）的人群中，这些营养成分的摄入可能是不足的。所以，“脂肪降低死亡率”这个调查结果，还有一种可能的解释就是“富含脂肪的这些食物营养密度高，解决了这些食物摄入量低的人群某些微量营养成分的缺乏”。
  第二，在这两篇论文中，一篇的结论是“碳水化合物摄入量高增加了死亡率”，另一篇的结论是“蔬菜、水果、豆类摄入量高降低了死亡率”。但是，蔬菜、水果和豆类，都富含碳水化合物。也就是说，不同种类的碳水化合物对于健康的影响需要分开讨论，比如添加糖、精制碳水化合物和粗粮。
  第三，混杂因素会影响到结果，尤其是人们的健康意识。比如在欧美发达地区，人们有更好的健康意识，从而可能有更多对健康有益的生活方式与行为习惯，比如遵守医嘱、合理的睡眠、控制饮酒、食用“推荐的食物”等等。而在低收入和中等收入地区，人们接受的健康生活指导会少一些。所以，评论作者认为，人们的健康意识，可能是这项研究的一个非常重要的混杂因素。
  下列________项是评论作者不同意论文研究结论的理由。
  A.蔬菜、水果和豆类降低死亡率的研究过程不可靠
  B.蔬菜、水果和豆类含有碳水化合物种类不同
  C.动物食品更富有营养，所以增加了人的寿命
  D.人们的健康意识远比饮食习惯更有决定作用

  查看答案
• 共用题干Retirement Brings Most a Big Health Boost
  The self-reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger,a new
  European study suggests.
  This happy news was true of almost everyone except a small minority一only 2 percent一who had experi-
  enced"ideal"conditions in their working life,anyway.
  "The results really say three things:that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers,that
  the effects of this extra burden are largely relieved by retirement and,finally,that both the extra burden and
  the relief are larger when working conditions are poor,"said Hugo Westerlund,lead author of a study pub-
  lished online Nov. 9 in The Lancet（柳叶刀）." This indicates that there is need to provide opportunities for
  older workers to decrease the demands in their work out of concern for their health and well-being."
  But of course,added Westerlund,who is head of epidemiology at the Stress Research Institute at
  Stockholm University in Sweden,"not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health.Many are indeed
  remarkably healthy and fit for work.But sooner or later,everyone has to slow down because of old age catch-
  ing up."
  Last week,the same group of researchers reported that workers slept better after retirement than before.
  "Sleep improves at retirement,which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception
  of poor health,"Westerlund said.
  This study looked at what the same 15,000 French workers,and most of them had to say about their own
  health up to seven years pre-retirement and up to seven years post-retirement.
  As participants got closer to retirement age,their perception of their own health declined,but went up
  again during the first year of retirement.
  Those who reported being in poorer health declined from 19.2 percent in the year prior to retirement to
  14.3 percent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers,that means post-retire-
  ment levels of poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously.
  The changes were seen in both men and women,across different occupations,and lasted through the first
  seven years of not punching the clock.
  Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater improve-
  ments as soon as they retired,the team found. The findings of the study apply to conditions all over the world.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

  查看答案

• 阅读下面短文，回答以下题。
  古代印第安人每当他们头痛发热时，就用捣烂的柳树皮敷在前额上，便可解除病痛之苦。在一些印第安人的部落中，这种习俗一直延续至今，因此他们把柳树称为神奇之树。
  柳树为什么具有这种疗效呢？学者们对此困惑不解。1975年，美国哈佛大学植物生理学家克莱兰，在二次偶然的机会中，发现了捣烂的柳树皮汁中含有阿斯匹林的主要成分——水杨酸。
  众所皆知，柳树是一种普通的植物，它不可能与人类一样，会患头痛发热病，为什么分泌这种物质呢？后来的医学工作者发现，阿斯匹林对人体的解热镇痛机能是间接的；其真正的直接因素是阿斯匹林促使人体分泌更多的前列腺素，它是人体中一种十分重要的激素，可以调节各方面的生理机能。人们通过实验发现，在睡莲科的野生芡中，注射阿斯匹林以后，可以使其提前开花，并常保鲜艳。日本植物学家美智子据此推测，阿斯匹林是过去未发现的一种物质生长激素，它既可以使柳树抢先抽芽叶绿，又可以使其有极强的生命力。因此在春天的植树日期里，不管你顺插或倒插杨柳树枝都可存活。正因为柳树具有如此顽强的适应能力，所以我国古代有折柳送客的礼仪，用柳祝福远行的人们顺应新的生活环境。
  在我国民间，柳枝向来被视为降除瘟疫的象征，古典小说中的南海观音便是一手托净水瓶，一手拿柳枝为人间播洒甘露、祛病消灾的。战国时，医学家扁鹊就用柳叶熬膏治疗疔疮痛肿。三国时的“神医”华佗用柳枝治疗骨折。公元前4世纪，古希腊“医学之父”希波克拉底发现咀爵柳叶可止痛，就用柳叶以减轻妇女分娩时的疼痛，还用于医治关节痛。世界各国的外科手术刀，都模仿柳叶形状制造，国际上通称“柳叶刀”；更有趣的是，英国有一本很具权威性的外科专业杂志，名字就叫《柳叶刀》。
  古往今来，柳树的生命力不但为人们所传颂，而且在我国传统文化中还一直被看做是柔情的象征，就连被称为暴君的隋炀帝杨广在大运河开通之后，也命人在运河两岸植柳，并降旨赐柳树姓“杨”，故后人称柳树为“杨柳”。
  《牡丹亭》中，杜丽娘与柳梦梅一梦幽欢，有生死之约。在丽娘回生之后，两人从南安同到杭州西湖苏堤之畔定居，并在门前种下一梅一柳做标记；还有白娘子与小青避雨于白堤柳下，遇到了一个叫许仙的杭州男人，爱爱恨恨地成了柳中女子。明画家李流芳站在断桥一望就几乎魂销欲死，看到的肯定也是西湖白堤上的新烟禁柳。唐代文成公主远嫁西藏的松赞干布，特地从长安带去柳树种苗，植于拉萨大昭寺周围，以表达对故乡的思念，因此，这些树被称为“唐柳”或“公主柳”。柳树是如此地多情，难怪北宋婉约派词人柳永会在青楼酒醒之后，发出“杨柳岸晓风残月”的千古喟叹。
  （麦文《柳树——生命力和柔情的象征》)
  捣烂的柳树皮能治头痛发烧的原因是：
  A．美国学者发现柳树皮汁中含有水杨酸。
  B．阿斯匹林对人体解热镇痛机能是间接的。
  C．直接原因是阿斯匹林促使人体分泌激素。
  D．前列腺素可以调节人各方面的生理机能。

  查看答案