在默顿的失范理论中，不仅拒绝社会认可的目标和手段，而且试图从个人观念出发，以新的目标和手段来替代。当这种偏差行为涉及政治领域时，通常被称为革命，这是()

A.退缩主义

B.形式主义

C.反叛

D.革新者

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