请阅读 Passage l,完成第 21~25小题。 Passage1 In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that "social epidemics" are driven in largepart by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often calledinfluentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. Theidea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actuallyspread. The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-soundingbut largely untested theory called the "two-step flow ofcommunication": Information flows from the media to the influential andfrom them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow becauseit suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selectedpeople will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain thesudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. Inmany such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group ofpeople was wearing promoting, or developingwhatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of thiskind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drivetrends. In their recent work，however，some researchers have come up with the finding that influential havefar less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, theydon 't seem to be required of all.The researchers ' argument stems from a simple observation aboutsocial influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like OprahWinfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, notinterpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a populationsimply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrityinfluentials who，according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive socialepidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, eachperson so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances，who must intum influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to eachof these people has little to do with the initialinfluential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initialinfluential prove resistant. for example, the cascade of change won ' tpropagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth aboutinterpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influenceby conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a numberof variables relating to people's ability to influence others and theirtendency to be influenced. They foundthat the principal requirement for what is called "global cascades"---the widespreadpropagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but ,rather, of a critical mass of easilyinfluenced people.What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?
A、The eagerness to be accepted.
B、The impulse to influence others.
C、The readiness to be influenced.
D、The inclination to rely on others.
相关问题推荐
-
下图所示的战役是()。
A、淞沪会战
B、淮海战役
C、徐州会战
D、渡江战役
-
Passage 1First two hours, now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons-both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O' Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. The TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay S85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?
A、New restrictions on carry-on bags.
B、The declining efficiency of the TSA.
C、An increase in the number of travelers.
D、Frequent unexpected secret checks.
-
案例：阅读下面的学生习作，完成第17-18题。携反省一起上路反省是水，浇灌成功之树；反省是火，点燃希望之灯；反省是灯，照亮人生之路。——题记①漫漫人生路，携反省一起上路，因为它是我一生的呵护。②茫茫人海中，携反省一起上路，因为它比金钱更珍贵。③悠悠求学路，携反省一起上路，因为它比荣誉更具时效性。④我驻足在历史的长廊里，回首那曾经的里程。我庆幸，我选择了反省，我微笑，因为我携反省一起上路。⑤携反省一起上路。因为它，我发现爱我的人无处不在；因为它，我明白了错误的过去：因为它，我明白了应当怎样去谱写辉煌的人生之路。⑥携反省一起上路。因为它，我把朋友的真情永藏；因为它，我把老师的教悔铭记于心因为它，我把父母给我的真爱好好珍藏。⑦携反省一起上路。因为它，我把地球母亲的呼唤记下；因为它，我懂得了怎样去呵护每一棵草，每一朵花。⑧携反省一起上路。因为它，一个新的自我逐渐长大；因为它，我的人生更加绚丽缤纷。⑨携反省一起上路。因为它，我才有理智之思、和谐之音、练达之举；因为它，我才可能使过去的失误变成今后的成功，使过去的成功变为今后更大的成功，真正聆听到金秋的琼浆玉液.品尝到大地赐予的丰收喜悦。⑩携反省一起上路。因为它，人走向成熟，变得深隧，臻于完善；因为它，世界上将有一半的人可以成为伟人。⑪因为它……⑫携反省一起上路吧，你会发现——⑬反省如水，冲走了人与人之间矛盾的污垢；⑭反省如火，焚烧了人与人之间仇恨的根苗；⑮反省如灯，照亮了人间的和谐之路。⑯携反省一起上路吧，相信成功就在不远处！后记：携反省一起上路，才能在上帝关上门后，发现他留出的另一扇窗。问题：请从第⑥⑩段中找出两个错别字，从第⑨段中找出一处病句，并分别改正。
-
近期，上海、安徽、江苏等地相继出现H7N9流感病毒。流感病毒可分为甲（A）、乙（B）、丙（C）三型。而禽类特别是水禽是所有这些流感病毒的自然宿主，H7N9流感病毒是其中的一种。它既往仅存在禽间发现，未发现过人的感染情况。这体现出（）①自然界具有物质性②价值判断具有社会历史性③事物是变化发展的④联系具有多样性
A、①③
B、①④
C、②③
D、②④
-
绘画作品的节奏指的是什么？（）
A、画面所呈现出的韵律感
B、画中的色彩表现
C、画中主题的含意
D、作品的质量