What is freedom？ It seems like such a simple question. Freedom is being able to do what you want to do. Allow me to explain it. I’m tired of working for a living. I’d rather collect taxes. So that’s what I’m going to do: collect a kind of tax. You are ordered to estimate your income from the past 12 months, and write me a check for 1%. I have provided a mailing address for this purpose on my contact page … What？ You have a problem with my plan？ Oh, I see. If you have to send me a check for the tax, then I have hurt your freedom to spend that money as you see fit. We have a conflict! And our basic problem is: we cannot enjoy freedom at the same time; we must settle for a limit. But what limit？ Libertarians （自由论者) believe freedom should be based on self-control. They describe freedom as being able to do what you want to do as long as it doesn’t influence the equal right of others to do what they want to do. That is, freedom is being able to do what you like as long as you do not harm another person’s life, liberty or property. You can build a set of legal and ethical （道德的) rules on the principle of self-control, and libertarians do. Their request for self-control often becomes more important than common sense, or even freedom itself. The definition rules out the freedom to steal, murder, and so on. Otherwise, you can do whatever you want. There is no problem until you realize that taxation is theft, that war is murder, and that national service is a form of slavery. Since only the government has a legal right to use force, libertarians focus on making the government smaller, or even going without it. The libertarians’ definition of freedom is thus freedom from the government. Isn’t it ridiculous？ 小题1:According to the first three paragraphs, the author’s idea of collecting taxes is _____.
A．reasonable
B．responsible
C．unacceptable
D．understandable小题2:The author takes tax-collecting as an example in the passage to prove that freedom is _____.
A．unreal
B．unbelievable
C．achievable
D．limited小题3:In the opinion of libertarians, freedom is realized mainly by _____.
A．the law
B．self-control
C．ethical rules
D．common sense小题4:Which of the following statements is supported by libertarians according to the passage？
A．National service should be canceled.
B．People can do whatever they want.
C．The government should have more power.
D．They should be governed by the government.
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人体大面积烧伤后，容易发生病菌等感染，主要原因是患者的
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A．过敏反应增强B．细胞免疫作用减弱C．效应B细胞数量减少D．非特异性免疫功能下降
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Most people think of zoos as safe heavens for animals, where problems such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators （食肉动物) don’t exist. Therefore, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age. But that may not be true for the largest land animals on earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases and they are even unable to have babies. To learn more about how captivity （圈养) affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the lifespans （寿命) of the zoo-born elephants with the lifespans of thousands of wild elephants. They also compared some Asian elephants living in zoos with some Asian elephants which work in logging camp （伐木场), over almost the same time period. The team found that elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years, but elephants that died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years. Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the logging camp lived 41.7 years. Scientists don’t yet know why wild elephants seem to live so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts （同类). Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada, who led the study, thinks stress and obesity （肥胖) may be to blame. Zoo elephants don’t get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild. Elephants’ social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large family groups. 小题1:Most people believe that________.
A．animals in zoos should live a longer life
B．zoos are not good for animals to live in
C．zoos are not suitable for large animals
D．captivity can affect animals in many ways小题2:The purpose of the international scientists is_____.
A．to compare the lifespans of different animals
B．to find out how captivity affects elephants
C．to learn the lifespans of male and female elephants
D．to compare the lifespans of elephants in different places小题3:Which elephants live the longest according to the study？
A．Elephants born in zoos.
B．Elephants that live in the wild.
C．Elephants that work in logging camps.
D．Female Asian elephants in logging camps.小题4:We can infer from the passage that_____.
A．elephants in zoos suffer less stress than those in the wild
B．elephants in zoos live an easy life
C．social lives are not important to elephants
D．zoo life can be stressful to elephants小题5:What are the advantages to elephants in the wild according to the passage？
A．They face fewer problems.
B．They can find food more easily.
C．They live in large social groups.
D．They are freer to move.
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下列关于细胞免疫的叙述，错误的是
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A．进行细胞免疫时，抗原需要被吞噬细胞摄取和处理B．细胞免疫主要消灭侵入人体细胞内部的病原体C．记忆T细胞接受同一种抗原刺激的再次刺激后，会迅速增殖并分化成效应T细胞D．效应T细胞可以直接杀伤抗原
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属于体液免疫的是
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A．皮肤、黏膜可以阻挡病原体的入侵B．泪液中的溶菌酶可破坏侵入人体的细菌C．抗体与病菌结合抑制病菌增殖D．效应T细胞识别癌细胞并将其消灭
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下图表示人体的免疫有关过程，请据图作答。
（1)①过程表示____\_，d细胞是________细胞。（2)与细胞f的功能相适应的细胞器有______。（写出至少2种)（3)图中不能识别抗原的细胞有_______（填字母)。（4)人体清除病毒的免疫方式是图中的_______（填编号)。（5)HIV侵入人体后，主要攻击的细胞是___\_（填字母)，HIV传播途径有_________。（至少写2种)（6)当同一种抗原再次进入机体时，______（填字母)会迅速增殖、分化，形成大量的效应细胞，产生更强的特异性免疫反应。