__combination of techniques authors use, all stories—from the briefest anecdotes to the longest novels—have a plot.
ARegarding
BWhatever
CIn so far as
DNo matter
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阅读理解：Biologists have long maintained that two groups of pinnipeds, sea lions and walruses, are descended from a terrestrial bearlike animal, whereas the remaining group, seals, shares an ancestor with weasels. But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergent evolution—the independent development of similarities between unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures. Flippers may indeed be a necessary response to aquatic life; turtles, whales, and dugongs also have them. But the common detailed design found among the pinnipeds probably indicates a common ancestor. Moreover, walruses and seals drive themselves through the water with thrusts of their hind flippers, but sea lions use their front flippers. If anatomical similarity in the flippers resulted from similar environmental pressures, as posited by the convergent-evolution theory, one would expect walruses and seals, but not seals and sea lions, to have similar flippers. （162 words)
The author implies that which of the following was part of the long-standing view concerning pinnipeds？A Pinnipeds are all descended from a terrestrial bearlike animal. B Pinnipeds share a common ancestor with turtles, whales, and dugongs C Similarities among pinnipeds are due to their all having had to adapt to aquatic life.
The author implies which of the following about the fact that turtles, whales, and dugongs all have flippers？A It can be explained by the hypothesis that turtles, whales, and dugongs are very closely related. B It can be explained by the idea of convergent evolution. C It suggests that turtles, whales, and dugongs evolved in separate parts of the world D It undermines the view that turtles, whales, and dugongs are all descended from terrestrial ancestors. E It is the primary difference between turtles, whales, and dugongs, on the one hand, and pinnipeds, on the other.
Select the sentence in the passage in which the author shows that the implication of the common view is contradicted by a new finding. -
阅读理解：Present-day philosophers usually envision their discipline as an endeavor that has been, since antiquity, distinct from and superior to any particular intellectual discipline such as theology or science.
The basis for this view, however, lies in a serious misinterpretation of the past, a projection of modern concerns onto past events.
The idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy,” distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin.
When, in the seventeenth century, Descartes and Hobbes rejected medieval philosophy, they did not think of themselves, as modern philosophers do, as proposing a new and better philosophy, but rather as furthering “the warfare between science and theology.”
They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical philosophy and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not of philosophy, but of research in mathematics and physics.
This link between philosophical interests and scientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesiastical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science provoked the final separation of philosophy from both.
The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion, that philosophy‘s core interest should be epistemology, the general explanation of what it means to know something.
Modern philosophers now trace that notion back at least to Descartes and Spinoza, but it was not explicitly articulated until the late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built into the structure of academic institutions and the standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late nineteenth century.
Without the idea of epistemology, the survival of philosophy in an age of modern science is hard to imagine.
Metaphysics, philosophy‘s traditional core—considered as the most general description of how the heavens and the earth are put together—had been rendered almost completely meaningless by the spectacular progress of physics.
Kant, however, by focusing philosophy on the problem of knowledge, managed to replace metaphysics with epistemology, and thus to transform. the notion of philosophy as “queen of sciences” into the new notion of philosophy as a separate, foundational discipline: philosophy became “primary” no longer in the sense of “highest” but in the sense of “underlying”.
1.Which of the following best expresses the author‘s main point？
A.Philosophy‘s overriding interest in basic human questions is a legacy primarily of the work of Kant.
B.Philosophy was deeply involved in the seventeenth-century warfare between science and religion.
C.The set of problems of primary importance to philosophers has remained relatively constant since antiquity.
D.The status of philosophy as an independent intellectual pursuit is a relatively recent development.
E.The role of philosophy in guiding intellectual speculation has gradually been usurped by science.
2.The author of the passage implies which of the following in discussing the development of philosophy during the nineteenth century？
（A) Nineteenth-century philosophy took science as its model for understanding the bases of knowledge.
（B) The role of academic institutions in shaping metaphysical philosophy grew enormously during the nineteenth century.
（C) Nineteenth-century philosophers carried out a program of investigation explicitly laid out by Descartes and Spinoza.
（D) Kant had an overwhelming impact on the direction of nineteenth-century philosophy.
（E) Nineteenth-century philosophy made major advances in understanding the nature of knowledge.
3.The author suggests that Descartes‘ support for the new science of the seventeenth century can be characterized as
（A) pragmatic and hypocritica -
阅读理解：According to astronomer S.A. Phinney, kicking a rock hard enough to free it from Earth's gravity would require a meteorite capable of making a crater more than 60 miles across.
Moreover, even if Earth rocks were freed by meteorite impact, Mars's orbit is much larger than Earth's, so Phinney estimates that the probability of these rocks hitting Mars is about one-tenth as great as that of Mars's rocks hitting Earth.
To demonstrate this estimate, Phinney used a computer to calculate where 1,000 hypothetical particles would go if ejected from Earth in random directions.
He found that 17 of the 1,000 particles would hit Mars.
1.Which of the following, if true, would cast most doubt on Phinney's estimate of the probability of Earth rocks hitting Mars？
A Rather than going in random directions, about 25 percent of all particles ejected from Earth go in the same direction into space.
B Approximately 100 meteorites large enough to make a noticeable crater hit the Earth each year.
C No rocks of Earth origin have been detected on Mars.
D The velocity of rocks escaping from Earth's gravity is lower than the velocity of meteorites hitting the Earth.
E No craters more than 60 miles across have been found on Mars. -
互联网推进了中国经济社会发展。在经济领域，互联网加速向传统产业渗透，产业边界日益交融，新型商务模式和服务经济加速兴起，衍生了新的业态。
互联网在促进经济结构调整、转变经济发展方式等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。
互联网成为推动中国经济发展的重要引擎。包括互联网在内的信息技术与产业，对中国经济高速增长作出了重要贡献。
互联网与实体经济不断融合，利用互联网改造和提升传统产业，带动了传统产业结构调整和经济发展方式的转变。互联网发展与运用还催生了一批新兴产业，工业咨询、软件服务、外包服务等工业服务业蓬勃兴起。信息技术在加快自主创新和节能降耗，推动减排治污等方面的作用日益凸显，互联网已经成为中国发展低碳经济的新型战略性产业。
中国政府将大力推动电子商务类、教育类网站发展，积极推进电子政务建设，支持发展网络广播、网络电视等新兴媒体，倡导提供形式多样、内容丰富的互联网信息服务，以满足人们多样化、多层次的信息消费需求。 -
Plans are well under way for a year of celebrations to mark the upcoming bicentennial of one of Poland&39;s favorite native sons-Frédéric, Chopin.
The prestigious International Chopin Competition for pianists will mark its 16th edition in October 2010. Held every five years, the competition draws scores of young musicians from all over the world. In addition, Warsaw&39;s Chopin Museum, with the world&39;s largest collection of Chopin documents and other artifacts, will undergo a total redesign, modernization and expansion.
A lavishly illustrated new guidebook called "Chopin&39;s Poland" was already published this year. It leads visitors to dozens of sites in Warsaw and elsewhere around the country where the composer lived, ate, studied, performed, visited or even partied.
"Actually, Chopin doesn&39;t need to be promoted, but we hope that Poland and Polish culture can be promoted through Chopin," said Monika Strugala, who is coordinating the Chopin 2010 program under the aegis of the Fryderyk ChopinInstitute, a body set up by the Sejm in 2001 to promote and protect Chopin&39;s work and image.
"We want to confirm to all that he is a very, very important Polish symbol," she said. Indeed, it&39;s not much of an exaggeration to say that Chopin&39;s music flows through the Polish national consciousness like some sort of cultural lifeblood. The son of a Polish mother and a French émigréfather, Chopin was born in a manor house at Zelazowa Wola, about 50 kilometers, or 30 miles, west of Warsaw, and moved to Warsaw as an infant.
The manor is something of a Chopin shrine-since the 1930 s it has been a museum and center for concerts. Like the Chopin Museum in Warsaw, it, too, is undergoing extensive renovation as part of bicentennial preparations.
Chopin spent his first 20 years in and around Warsaw. He was already a noted pianist as a boy and composed concertos and other important works as a teenager. He carried Polish soil with him when he left Warsaw on a concert tour in 1830, just a few weeks before the outbreak of the November Uprising, an abortive Polish revolt against Czarist Russia, which then ruled Warsaw and a broad swath of Polish territory.
Chopin remained in exile in France after the uprising was crushed. But so attached was he to his native land that after his death in Paris in 1849 his heart-on his own instructions-was brought back to Warsaw for interment. The rest of his body is buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris.
"For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also,"reads the Biblical inscription on a plaque where his heart is kept today, preserved in an urn and concealed in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in central Warsaw. Mozart&39;s"Requiem" will be performed here as part of Bicentennial events.
Exile and patriotism, as well as extraordinary genius, have long made Chopin&39;s appeal transcend all manner of social and political divides.
Polish folk motifs thread through some of his finest pieces, and patriotic fervor, as well as homesick longing, infuse some of his best-known works.