The passage suggests which of the following about Dorothy Allison's work？ Ⅰ. Non-feminist writers have been less successful in producing historically situated narratives. Ⅱ. Allison's fiction successfully negotiates between essentialist arrogance and a reactionary response. Ⅲ. Allison is more interested in her female antagonists than male protagonists, as characters.
A．Ⅰ only
B．Ⅱ only
C．Ⅰ and Ⅱ only
D．Ⅱ and Ⅲ only
E．Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ
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The passage implies that which of the following steps would be the first performed by explorers who wish to maximize their chances of discovering gold？
A．Surveying several sites known to have been formed more than two billion years ago
B．Limiting exploration to sites known to have been formed from metamorphic fluid.
C．Using an appropriate conceptual model to select a site for further exploration
D．Using geophysical methods to analyze rocks over a broad area
E．Limiting exploration to sites where alluvial gold has previously been found -
According to the passage, the optics of the vent crab Bythograea thermydron （line 4 ) serve all of the following purposes over the course of its life-cycle EXCEPT
A．They assist in the orientation process by helping the crab navigate toward post-larval settlements.
B．They assist the crabs visually by permitting imaging in the light-saturated upper oceanic depths.
C．They help the crabs navigate by providing thermal and chemical senses to the adult crab near post-larval settlements.
D．They increase the crabs' flexibility by allowing the crab to adapt to two different environments with different lighting conditions.
E．They permit the crabs to achieve increased sensitivity to the location of underwater thermal vents. -
According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz
vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from
magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike
bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is
（5) contrary to the widely held view that the systems were
deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that
formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks.
he recently developed theory has considerable practical
importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during
（10)the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface
and were found because they had shed trails of alluvial
gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods.
Although these same methods still lead to an occasional
discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone
（15) undetected because they are buried and have no surface
expression.
The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the
subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of
buried minerals. Methods widely used today include
（20) analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological
overview; geophysical techniques that provide data on the
magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the
rocks being investigated; and sensitive chemical tests that
are able to detect the subtle chemical halos that often
（25) envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-
technology methods are of any value if the sites to which
they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize
the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay
particular attention to selecting the ground formations most
（30) likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to
varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into
account theoretical studies of relevant factors.
These models are constructed primarily from empirical
observations of known mineral deposits and from theories
35) of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to
identify those geological features that are critical to the
formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then
tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of
the critical features as possible.
The author is primarily concerned with__
A．advocating a return to an older methodology
B．explaining the importance of a recent theory
C．enumerating differences between two widely used methods
D．describing events leading to a discovery
E．challenging the assumptions on which a theory is based -
Anderson's new theory is controversial for asserting that Britain might
have retained its North American empire had George III's ministers proceeded
less precipitously. But as Anderson himself concedes to previous historians like
Henvel and Rhimes, there was no indication whether the persistence of imperial
（5) authority would have made much difference for any of the parties involved. At
most, these efforts would have endowed the British government with a
"hollow" empire, wherein the exercise of effective authority would depend on
the consent of the colonists and their representatives. While the grip on their
colonies was questionable, the British had no option but to curtail their
（10) authority, and at no point was the decision to do so more than a temporary
expedient. Once the war in French Canada was resolved, England attempted to
terminate the costly practices of Indian gift giving and to levy new taxation.
Under such circumstances, moreover, Britain would have been able to offer
only limited protections to any of America's other inhabitants, especially the
（15) Indians whose lands in the Ohio Valley were already being encroached upon by a
steady influx of European settlers. In a sense, the Seven Years' War ended up
confirming the "American" character of Britain's North American empire, an
entity over which metropolitan authority had never been more than tenuous.
Anderson's hypothesis concerning French Canada is corroborated both by
（20) the events of the American Revolution, and, less successfully, the
contemporaneous case of India, where the British successfully implemented the
colonial strategy Anderson recommends. As witnessed in Iroquoia, the Mughal
Empire's progressive collapse during the later 1740s and 1750s drew the
British, who had been in India as traders since the early seventeenth century,
（25) ever more deeply into politics on the subcontinent, first as the auxiliaries of
local grandees and eventually as political actors in their own right. When the
East India Company governed in Bengal, it did so by virtue of cleverly acting as
the Mughal Emperor's diwani （a Muslim office roughly analogous to a European
tax farmer). Despite the temptation to act unilaterally, the company's officials
（30) were never ignorant of the fact that they owed their authority to the cooperation
of local elites, who in turn accepted British rule assuming they could employ it
to their own advantage.
Anderson notes that although there were undoubtedly the vast differences
between them, India's experience of British rule during the eighteenth century
（35) points to the same devolution of imperial agency as in America. It is a pattern
Jack P. Greene has identified as "negotiated authority", whereby the unlimited
powers claimed by officials at the empire's center were subject to constant
revision by indigenous brokers on the periphery. Despite the fact that the
Indian colonial possessions were more enduring as a result, Anderson
（40) nevertheless fails to successfully argue that the British could have retained other
parts of their empire for a more significant period through any of the means he
has suggested.
The passage can best be described as a
A．survey of the inadequacies of a conventional viewpoint
B．reconciliation of opposing points of view
C．summary and evaluation of a recent study
D．defense of a new thesis from anticipated objections
E．review of the subtle distinctions between apparently similar views -
Politicians and pollsters alike warn that the outcome of a presidential race remains __ until Election Day itself, and many races depend on factors that run from bad weather __ voter turnout to last-minute scandals.
A．unknown … abetting
B．unlikely … decreasing
C．fluid … affecting
D．predetermined … consolidating
E．fixed … absorbing