Though agreeing with Descartes that consciousness and extension are
qualitatively distinct, Spinoza's dual-aspect theory denied that consciousness
and extension are inherent characteristics of two finite substances, treating
them instead as attributes of the infinite substance of a transcendent
（5) intelligence. While mental occurrences can dictate only other mental
occurrences and physical motions can determine only other physical motions,
mind and body exist in pre-established coordination, since the same self
-consistent intelligence establishes affinities and connections within both classes.
Another alternative, psychophysical parallelism, retains both the dualism of
（10) mind and body and the notion of a regular correlation between mental and
physical events, but avoids any assumption of causal mind-body connection,
direct or indirect. Psychophysical parallelism eschews interactionism, stating
that mental and physical could not possibly affect one another, and also rejects
occasionalism and dual-aspect theory on the grounds that no third entity,
（15) including a transcendent intelligence, could be responsible for such vastly different
effects. Parallelists accept only pure correlations, not causation, between mental and
physical events.
According to the passage, psychophysical parallelists would be LEAST likely to agree with which of the following views attributed to Spinoza？
A．Through a relationship of correlation, mental occurrences can only determine other mental occurrences.
B．Through a relationship of causation, physical occurrences can only determine other physical occurrences.
C．Mind and body exist in pre-established coordination provided by a third entity, transcendent intelligence.
D．Consciousness and extension, as separate finite qualities, may be described as distinct.
E．One of the necessary attributes of any divine essence is its infinitude.
相关问题推荐
-
Bacteria are sometimes __ too small to be seen without a microscope.
A．far
B．rather
C．quite
D．very -
The author cites Spinoza's belief that "mind and body exist in pre-established coordination" most likely in order to
A．prove that Descartes confused the true distinction between consciousness and extension
B．suggest the logical assumption behind Spinoza's embrace of dualism
C．lay the groundwork for psychophysical parallelism's rejection of occasionalism
D．deny that any outside entity could be responsible for both mental and physical events
E．establish why he believed mental events could not determine physical motions -
She is only __ satisfied to copy notes of others without the pain of thought for herself.
A．very
B．much
C．so
D．too -
It can be inferred from the passage that "most scientists" assume which of the following concerning "innate reactions" （line 15) ？
A．Innate reactions to smells do not include the stimulation of the trigeminal nerve per say.
B．Only smells which have not previously been paired with emotional experiences trigger innate reaction.
C．Irritating smells are the only ones which are considered likely to produce innate, or unlearned, reactions.
D．Most subjects can distinguish between pure odor sensation and trigeminal nerve sensation enough to determine which reactions are innate.
E．Innate reactions are produced when the trigeminal nerve catalyzes an emotional experience. -
According to the passage, which of the following events is most analogous to the relationship between thought and event articulated by psychophysical parallelism？
A．A man looks in a mirror and, as a result, of the effect of cognition, sees his own reflections.
B．One thought in a sentient entity leads, by virtue of the stream of consciousness, to another thought.
C．A match is struck, and through the effects of a physical law, it ignites into flame.
D．Every time a ping-pong ball is bounced, a tree falls, but through no causal relationship.
E．A human being makes a mental judgment based on physical phenomena he has observed.