老年学

根据以下内容回答题： Scientists know that there are two basic approaches to prolonging life（延长寿命），one approache is the elimination of the diseases that generally affect older people—diseases such as cancer，heart attack and stroke．（1）is the delay of the process of growing-old the（2）of the body． In recent years scientific researchers（3）much time in the study of the process of aging．They believe that，within a few years，they will develop the knowledge and the（4）to delay the aging process for lo to 15 years．The result will be that more people will live longer，more healthful lives．At present，scientists believe that with the right diet，exercise，medical（5），and mental attitude many people can live to he l00 years old． Gerontologists（老年学专家），people who（6）studies of the problems of growing old，are investigating（7）body cells slow down and（8）die．They feel that delaying this slowing down process（9）help postpone death．In a number of American universities，scien-tists are studying the activity of cells，the effects of diet and internal body temperature on aging．If their studies are successful，the results should help（10）the quality of life for older people in the next few years，as well as increase the life span of the next generation．

A.Others B.Another C.The other D.One more

Passage Three：Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.For an increasing number of students at American universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs, coupled with the aging of the baby-boom (生育高峰) generation, a longer life span means that the nation’s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. “In addition to the doctors, we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers,” says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California’s (USC) School of Gerontology (老年学).

Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,” which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination (歧视). Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. “Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money,” one professor says.

Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was “really bored with bacteria.” So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she lied it. She says, “I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.”

第31题：“... Old is suddenly in” (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably means “________”.

A) America has suddenly become a nation of old people

B) gerontology has suddenly become popular

C) more elderly professors are found on American campuses

D) American colleges have realized the need of enrolling older students

方婆婆，70岁，腿脚略有不便，平时喜欢一个人安静地听音乐。自从老伴去世以后，她一直闷闷不乐，感觉自己对外面的世界失去了兴趣，虽然有生活自理能力却无心照顾自己。方婆婆的子女平时都要上班，家中没有人照顾她，方婆婆每天总是一个人在家待着，也不参加任何的社区活动。子女在一次家庭聚会中发现，方婆婆跟以前大不相同，总是默默的流眼泪，话也越来越少，更不愿意跟子女交流任何信息。子女担心方婆婆出现了心理问题，所以来到家庭服务中心找到了社区社会工作者小刘，希望小刘能够帮助方婆婆解决其问题。

小刘通过家访，与方婆婆建立起了良好的专业关系，对其存在的问题进行了全面的评估，并制定了具体的服务目标和详细的服务计划。经过一段时间的专业社会工作服务，方婆婆实现了当初一起制定的目标，又变的开朗起来，也能够主动与子女进行沟通，并积极参加社区的各项活动，小刘为此感到很欣慰。

阅读上述材料，运用社会老年学基础的相关知识回答以下问题：

(1)结合上述材料，阐述小刘应该如何帮助方婆婆做好心理咨询和疏导服务？

(2)结合上述材料，阐述老年社会工作的主要目标有哪些？